Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Citations and Translations -- Acknowledgments -- I Introduction -- 1. The Paradox of Liberalism: A Preliminary Observation -- 2. The Unconditioned Within the Human Condition -- 3. Symbolic Representation in Kant's Works -- 4. Toward a Critical Metaphysics -- 5. Overview of the Book -- II Kant's Socratic Enlightenment -- 1. Leaving the State of Tutelage -- 2. Philosophy in the Service of Enlightenment -- 3. The Example of Socrates -- A. The Primacy of the Practical Use of Reason -- B. Socratic Midwifery -- C. Opposition to Sophistry -- 4. The Critical Method -- 5. Symbolic Representation of the Unconditioned -- III The Law of Freedom -- 1. The "Fact of Reason" -- A. The Non-Deducibility of the Fact of Reason -- B. The Obtrusiveness of the Fact of Reason -- C. The Rationality Within the Fact of Reason -- D. The Uniqueness of the Fact of Reason -- 2. The Law of Nature as a Symbol of the Moral Law -- 3. Humanity as an End in Itself -- 4. Respect Before the Moral Law -- 5. The Symbolic Significance of Nature in Practical Philosophy -- IV How to Find Orientation in Moral Practice -- 1. Moral Self-Legislation through Maxims -- 2. The Development of Maxims as a Learning Process -- 3. The Highest Good as a Comprehensive Horizon of Meaning -- 4. The Fundamental Ends of Morality -- A. One's Own Perfection -- B. The Happiness of Others -- 5 .Social Duties -- A. Politeness as Symbolic Role Playing -- B. Respecting and Promoting the Order of Rights -- C. Toward an Ethical Community -- V The Order of Rights as a Symbol of Human Dignity -- 1. Preliminary Remark on the Meaning of "Recht" -- 2. "The Apple of God's Eye" -- 3. Legal Freedom as an Institutionalized Recognition of Autonomy -- 4. Freedom, Equality, Independence -- 5. The United Lawgiving Will of the People -- 6. Separation of Powers.

7. The Need for Political Criticism -- VI Traces of Purposiveness in Nature and History -- 1. Mediating between Freedom and Nature -- 2. Critical Teleology -- 3. The Symbolic Significance of the Beautiful in Nature -- 4. Hoping for Progress in History -- 5. "Unsocial Sociability" -- 6. Toward a Rightful Order of Peace -- A. From the State of Nature to Civil Society -- B. From Civil Society to a Liberal Republic -- C. The Goal of International and Cosmopolitan Peace -- 7. Limitations of Historical Progress -- VII Symbolism in the Philosophy of Religion -- 1. Beyond Metaphysical Dogmatism -- 2. Moral Autonomy as the Basis of Religion -- 3. Recognizing Moral Duties as Divine Commands -- 4. Traces of Divine Wisdom in Nature -- 5. God as Lawgiver of an Ethical Community -- 6. Critique of the Christian Church -- A. Critique of the Bible -- B. Symbolic Anthropomorphism -- C. Moral Worship -- viii Conclusion -- 1. Ways of Symbolic Representation -- 2. Purposes of Symbolic Representation -- 3. Epilogue: Modern Liberalism and Kant -- Bibliography -- Index.