Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Nanotechnology Time Line -- Introduction -- 0.1 Incremental Nanotechnology -- 0.2 Evolutionary Nanotechnology -- 0.3 Radical Nanotechnology -- 0.4 Bottom-Up/Top-Down Nanotechnology -- References -- 1 Size Matters -- 1.1 The Fundamental Importance of Size -- 1.2 The Magnetic Behavior of Nanoparticles -- 1.3 The Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Materials -- 1.4 The Chemical Properties of Nanoparticles -- 1.5 Nanoparticles Interacting with Living Systems -- Problems -- References -- 2 Nanoparticles Everywhere -- 2.1 Nanoparticles in the Atmosphere -- 2.2 Atmospheric Nanoparticles and Health -- 2.3 Nanoparticles and Climate -- 2.4 Marine Aerosol -- 2.5 Nanoparticles in Space -- Problems -- References -- 3 Carbon Nanostructures: Bucky Balls and Nanotubes -- 3.1 Why Carbon? -- 3.2 Discovery of the First Fullerene: C60 -- 3.3 Structural Symmetry of the Closed Fullerenes -- 3.4 Smaller Fullerenes and "Shrink-Wrapping" Atoms -- 3.5 Larger Fullerenes -- 3.6 Electronic Properties of Individual Fullerenes -- 3.7 Materials Produced by Assembling Fullerenes (Fullerites and Fullerides) -- 3.8 Discovery of Carbon Nanotubes -- 3.9 Structure of SWNTs -- 3.10 Electronic Properties of SWNTs -- 3.11 Electronic Transport in Carbon Nanotubes -- 3.12 Mechanical Properties of Nanotubes -- 3.13 Thermal Conductivity of Nanotubes -- 3.14 Carbon Nanohorns -- 3.15 Carbon Nanobuds and Pea Pods -- Problems -- References -- 4 The Nanotechnology Toolkit -- 4.1 Making Nanostructures Using Bottom-Up Methods -- 4.1.1 Making Nanoparticles Using Supersaturated Vapor -- 4.1.2 Sources Producing Nanoparticle Beams in Vacuum -- 4.1.3 Mass Selection of Charged Nanoparticle Beams in Vacuum -- 4.1.4 Aerodynamic Lensing and Mass Selection of Neutral Nanoparticles.

4.1.5 Plasma, Spark, and Flame Metal Aerosol Sources -- 4.1.6 Size Selection of Nanoparticles in Aerosols -- 4.1.7 Chemical Synthesis of Nanoparticles in Liquid Suspensions -- 4.1.8 Biological Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles -- 4.1.9 Synthesis of Fullerenes -- 4.1.10 Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes -- 4.1.11 Controlling the Growth of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes -- 4.2 Making Nanostructures Using Top-Down Methods -- 4.2.1 Electron Beam Lithography (EBL) -- 4.2.2 Manufacturing Nanostructures Using Focused Ion Beams (FIB) -- 4.3 Combining Bottom-Up and Top-Down Nanostructures -- 4.4 Imaging, Probing, and Manipulating Nanostructures -- 4.4.1 Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) -- 4.4.2 Manipulating Atoms and Molecules with STM -- 4.4.3 Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy (STS) -- 4.4.4 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) -- 4.4.5 Dip-Pen Nanolithography (DPN) -- 4.4.6 Electron Microscopy -- Problems -- References -- 5 Single-Nanoparticles Devices -- 5.1 Data Storage on Magnetic Nanoparticles -- 5.2 Quantum Dots -- 5.3 Nanoparticles as Transistors -- 5.4 Carbon Nanoelectronics -- Problems -- References -- 6 Magic Beacons and Magic Bullets: The Medical Applications of Functional Nanoparticles -- 6.1 Nanoparticles Interacting with Living Organisms -- 6.1.1 Targeted Nanovectors for Therapy and Diagnosis -- 6.1.2 Types of Core Nanoparticle in Nanovectors -- 6.1.3 Some Elementary Human Cell Biology -- 6.1.4 Uptake of Nanomaterials by the Body -- 6.1.5 Biological Targeting -- 6.1.6 Magnetic Targeting -- 6.2 Treatment of Tumors by Hyperthermia -- 6.2.1 Biological Response to Heating -- 6.2.2 Magnetic Nanoparticle Hyperthermia -- 6.2.3 Hyperthermia with Au Nanoparticles -- 6.2.4 Hyperthermia with Carbon Nanotubes -- 6.3 Medical Diagnosis and "Theranostics" Using Nanomaterials -- 6.3.1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Contrast Enhancement Using Magnetic Nanoparticles.

6.3.2 Imaging Using Gold Nanoparticles -- 6.3.3 Imaging Using Quantum Dots -- Problems -- References -- 7 Radical Nanotechnology -- 7.1 Locomotion for Nanobots and Nanofactories -- 7.2 On-Board Processing for Nanomachines -- 7.3 Medical Nanobots -- 7.4 Molecular Assembly -- References -- 8 Prodding the Cosmic Fabric -- 8.1 Zero-Point Energy of Space -- 8.2 The Casimir Force -- 8.3 The Casimir Force in Nanomachines -- References -- Glossary -- Index.