Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Part I Preliminaries -- 1 What is Evolutionary Phonology? -- 1.1 Relating sound patterns to sound change -- 1.2 A formal model of sound change -- 1.3 Types of explanation: historical, phonetic, formal, and non-teleological -- 1.4 The evolutionary metaphor -- 1.5 Pure phonology -- 1.6 Organization of this book -- 1.7 Orthographic conventions in this book -- 1.8 A concise summary of Evolutionary Phonology -- 2 Evolution in language and elsewhere -- 2.1 Language evolution -- 2.2 Sources of natural sound change -- 2.3 Non-optimal sound change -- 2.4 Sources of similarity -- 2.5 Natural selection in a world of sounds -- 3 Explanation in phonology: a brief history of ideas -- 3.1 Historical explanation -- 3.2 Teleological explanation -- 3.3 Phonetic explanation -- 3.4 Explanation in Evolutionary Phonology -- Part II Sound patterns -- 4 Laryngeal features -- 4.1 Phonological features and laryngeal features -- 4.2 The phonetic basis of sound patterns -- 4.3 Recurrent patterns of laryngeal feature distribution -- 4.4 Explanations for patterns of laryngeal feature distribution -- 4.4.1 Release features -- 4.4.2 Closure features -- 4.4.3 The origins of obstruent pre-aspiration -- 4.4.4 Final devoicing -- 4.4.5 Common cases of sound change -- 4.5 Exceptional patterns of laryngeal feature distribution -- 4.5.1 Final voicing -- 4.5.2 Initial devoicing -- 4.6 Summary -- 5 Place features -- 5.1 Phonological place features -- 5.2 Recurrent patterns of place feature distribution -- 5.3 Explanations for patterns of place feature distribution -- 5.3.1 Release features -- 5.3.2 Closure features -- 5.3.3 Final place neutralization -- 5.4 A context-free change of place -- 5.5 Coronal: just another place -- 5.6 Place neutralization and cluster simplification.

5.7 Place features and syllable structure -- 6 Other common sound patterns -- 6.1 Perception as the primary source of sound change -- 6.1.1 Context-free changes -- 6.1.2 Context-sensitive changes -- 6.1.3 A note on frog calls -- 6.2 Articulation as the primary source of sound change -- 6.2.1 From coarticulation to assimilation and more -- 6.2.2 Lenition and fortition -- 6.3 Feature localization as the primary source of sound change -- 6.3.1 Dissimilation -- 6.3.2 Metathesis -- 6.3.3 Harmony -- 6.3.4 Compensatory lengthening -- 6.4 Constraints on sound change with sources in CHOICE -- 6.4.1 The Feature-to-segment Mapping Principle -- 6.4.2 Structural Analogy -- 6.5 Phonetic sources of vowel insertion -- 6.6 Inheritance and convergence: the myth of high-sonority codas -- 6.6.1 Sonority -- 6.6.2 Some facts about codas -- 6.6.3 Convergent evolution -- 6.7 Some unexplained sound patterns -- 7 The evolution of geminates -- 7.1 Why geminates? -- 7.2 Phonological and phonetic length -- 7.3 Geminate evolution: general pathways -- 7.3.1 Assimilation in CC clusters -- 7.3.2 Assimilation in VC, GC -- 7.3.3 Vowel syncope between identical consonants -- 7.3.4 Lengthening under stress -- 7.3.5 Boundary lengthening -- 7.3.6 Reinterpretation of an obstruent voicing contrast -- 7.3.7 Reanalysis of identical C+C sequences -- 7.4 Geminate inventories and geminate distribution -- 7.4.1 Geminate inventories -- 7.4.2 Geminate distribution -- 7.5 Geminate inalterability -- 7.6 Geminate integrity -- 7.7 Moraic and non-moraic geminates -- 7.8 Antigemination -- 8 Some uncommon sound patterns -- 8.1 Uncommon segment types -- 8.1.1 Clicks -- 8.1.2 Pharyngeals -- 8.2 Uncommon contrasts -- 8.2.1 Voiceless vowels -- 8.2.2 Uncommon length contrasts -- 8.2.3 A three-way contrast in nasality -- 8.3 The role of paradigms in contrast maintenance.

8.4 Phonetic priming and contrast maintenance -- 8.5 Expected but missing contrasts -- 8.6 Uncommon syllable types -- 8.7 Uncommon harmony and blocking patterns -- Part III Implications -- 9 Synchronic phonology -- 9.1 Phonology and language acquisition -- 9.1.1 A wealth of stimulus -- 9.1.2 Infant perception -- 9.1.3 Deaf babble -- 9.1.4 The illusion of child phonology -- 9.1.5 Syllabification -- 9.1.6 Summary -- 9.2 Phonological constraints -- 9.2.1 Markedness constraints -- 9.2.2 Structure preservation -- 9.2.3 The Elsewhere Condition -- 9.2.4 Summary -- 9.3 Pure phonology -- 10 Diachronic phonology -- 10.1 The regularity of sound change -- 10.2 The neogrammarian controversy -- 10.3 Teleology and sound change -- 10.3.1 Symmetry and the structure of inventories -- 10.3.2 Gap-filling independent of symmetry: what are chain shifts? -- 10.3.3 Lenition and the minimization of articulatory effort -- 10.3.4 Polarization and the maximization of perceptual contrast -- 10.4 Naturalness and reconstruction -- 10.5 Towards a theory of drift -- 11 Beyond phonology -- 11.1 Beyond spoken language: the visual patterns of sign language -- 11.2 Evolutionary morphology: words and paradigms -- 11.2.1 Constraints on affix order -- 11.2.2 Paradigm leveling and markedness -- 11.3 Evolutionary syntax: understanding grammar -- 11.3.1 The emergence of cross-categorial harmony -- 11.3.2 Rare combinations of syntactic features -- 11.4 The evolutionary approach: summary and implications -- References -- Language index -- Subject index.