Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- List of Figures -- List of Acronyms -- Welcome to "Advanced Smart Grids" -- 1: Distribution System Operators in a Changing Environment -- 1.1. Energy policies promoting the energy transition -- 1.2. A new era of technological revolution -- 2: The Existing Distribution Networks: Design and Operation -- 2.1. Above all, smart grids remain grids! -- 2.2. The DSO, a player at the heart of the power system -- 2.3. A necessary mastery of technical and regulatory constraints -- 2.4. Generalities of network design -- 2.4.1. Energy transformers -- 2.4.2. Wiring and architectures -- 2.4.3. Safeguard devices -- 2.4.4. Sensors, digital equipment and software -- 2.4.5. The importance of telecommunication for operating the distribution networks -- 2.5. The factors that differentiate network architecture -- 2.5.1. Voltage levels -- 2.5.1.1. The amount of voltage levels -- 2.5.1.2. The value of the voltage levels -- 2.5.2. The neutral point treatment in MV networks -- 2.5.3. The balance between automation, redundancy and reliability -- 2.5.4. The density and layout of the serviced area -- 2.5.5. The variation in building design -- 2.6. Network safety and planning -- 2.6.1. Development of distribution networks -- 2.6.2. Operating distribution networks -- 2.6.3. Studies in operational safety -- 2.6.4. Monte Carlo method -- 2.6.5. Some results from applying the Monte Carlo method -- 2.7. Progressive modernization of a distribution network - the French example -- 2.7.1. Standardization (1950-1965) and expansion of the network (1965-1985) -- 2.7.2. Achieving a minimal quality level for every customer -- 2.7.3. Targeted improvement of quality according to needs -- 2.7.4. Progressive desensitization of networks toward climate hazards.

3: Main Drivers and Functions of Advanced Smart Grids -- 3.1. Drivers of the evolution of distribution grids -- 3.1.1. Massive integration of renewable energy sources -- 3.1.2. Contribution to the development of electric vehicle and the charging infrastructures -- 3.1.3. Implementation of new market mechanisms (peak shaving, capacity market, etc.) -- 3.1.4. Participation in the development of new uses contributing to energy efficiency -- 3.1.5. Urban renewal and the rise of the smart city in favor of resource optimization -- 3.1.6. Integration of energy storage solutions -- 3.2. Main functions of the advanced smart grid -- 3.2.1. Toward dynamic network management by the distribution system operators -- 3.2.2. Structuring the target model based on key functions -- 3.2.3. Enhancing efficiency in day-to-day grid operation -- 3.2.3.1. Advanced function: supervision of medium- and low- voltage networks -- 3.2.3.1.1. MV supervision -- 3.2.3.1.2. LV supervision -- 3.2.3.2. Advanced function: dynamic management of disruptions -- 3.2.4. Ensuring network security, system control and quality of supply -- 3.2.4.1. Advanced function: operational planning and scheduling -- 3.2.4.2. Advanced function: optimization of network operation and maintenance -- 3.2.5. Improving market functioning and customer service -- 3.2.5.1. Advanced function: demand-response management system and interface with market -- 3.2.5.2. Advanced function: relationship with TSOs and others actors of the market -- 3.2.6. European network codes -- 4: Metering: A Core Activity of the DSOs -- 4.1. Smart meters are key tools for the deployment of smart grids -- 4.2. A continuous improvement and innovation approach -- 4.2.1. From manual to remote reading for mass market customers -- 4.2.2. 20 years of smart metering and remote reading for industrial clients -- 4.3. AMI metering systems.

4.4. Focus on Linky smart metering system -- 4.4.1. Scope of the project -- 4.4.2. Architecture and technical choices -- 4.4.2.1. The Linky system: from the central information system to the meter -- 4.4.2.2. Choosing PLC for LAN -- 4.4.2.3. Deployment plan -- 4.4.3. A point on system operation -- 4.4.3.1. Primary elements of the Linky meter -- 4.4.3.2. Recording the values -- 4.4.3.3. System functionality -- 4.4.4. Scalability and security of the Linky system -- 4.4.5. Techno-economic analysis -- 4.5. Focus on G3-PLC technology -- 4.5.1. Communication principles of the power line carrier -- 4.5.2. Different types of physical level PLC modulation technique -- 4.5.3. The characteristics of G3-PLC technology -- 4.5.3.1. PHY layer is based on OFDM -- 4.5.3.2. MAC + 6LoWPAN layer: neighbor and routing tables -- 4.5.4. G3-PLC is a mature standard -- 4.5.4.1. Specifications: main achievements -- 4.5.4.2. Interoperability tests and plug fests -- 4.5.4.3. Market overview -- 4.6. The contribution of smart meters for the development of advanced smart grids -- 4.6.1. France: Linky at the service of the distribution network -- 4.6.1.1. A dedicated program -- 4.6.1.2. The networked metering system is an important tool for operation and control of MV/LV networks -- 4.6.1.3. A contribution to the enhancement of smart secondary substations -- 4.6.1.4. Developed functions -- 4.6.1.5. The demos in progress (some targeted illustrations of the link between metering and network) -- 5: Focus on Flexibility Options -- 5.1. Flexibility, a complementary tool for DSOs -- 5.1.1. Introduction -- 5.1.2. DSO needs in terms of flexibility -- 5.1.2.1. Frequency control -- 5.1.2.2. Power flow control and network congestion solution -- 5.1.2.3. Voltage control and reactive power compensation -- 5.1.2.4. Emergency situations -- 5.1.2.5. Restoration/blackstart.

5.1.3. The value of flexibility -- 5.1.4. Alliander Smart Grids Cost Benefits Analysis (source: Alliander) -- 5.1.5. Two major categories of levers can be activated -- 5.1.5.1. Levers related to a punctual and definitive action for optimally positioning RES, for example: -- 5.1.5.2. Levers associated with real-time actions, participating in load "balancing" at a local scale, for example: -- 5.1.6. Analysis of the Merit Order -- 5.1.7. Information exchange mechanism between DSO and TSO -- 5.1.8. Lessons learned from several international business cases -- 5.1.8.1. Case in Germany -- 5.1.8.2. Case in the UK -- 5.1.8.3. Case in the USA -- 5.2. Participation of end users to flexibility services -- 5.2.1. Introduction -- 5.2.2. Focus on different tools and services downstream of the smart meter -- 5.2.2.1. Services related to consumption data -- 5.2.2.2. Pricing offers - case in France -- 5.2.2.3. Load shaving offers -- 5.2.2.4. "Double sided market" offers -- 5.2.3. The necessary engagement of end-customers -- 5.2.4. International benchmark and lessons learnt -- 5.3. Data management as key success factor -- 5.3.1. DSOs have a long experience in data management -- 5.3.2. DSO, the market facilitator -- 5.3.2.1. Being a market facilitator -- 6: Pilot Projects and Use Cases -- 6.1. A global dynamic with regional specificities -- 6.2. North America -- 6.2.1. Drivers of smart grids development -- 6.2.2. Primary experimental approaches -- 6.3. Asia -- 6.3.1. Drivers of smart grids development -- 6.3.2. A proactive experimental approach -- 6.4. Europe -- 6.4.1. Drivers of smart grids development -- 6.4.2. Primary experimental approaches -- 6.5. The European project Grid4EU, fosters and accelerates experience sharing -- 6.5.1. A large-scale demonstration project bringing together six European DSOs.

6.5.2. DEMO 1 (Germany - RWE) MV network operation automation and determining the ratio of decentralized intelligence in secondary substations -- 6.5.2.1. Project description -- 6.5.2.2. Specificities of the context and key values -- 6.5.2.3. Specific objectives -- 6.5.2.4. Use cases tested by the demonstration -- 6.5.3. DEMO 2 (Sweden - Vattenfal): a tool for LV operation and in particular identifying LV failures -- 6.5.3.1. Description of the project -- 6.5.3.2. Specificities of the context -- 6.5.3.3. Specific objectives -- 6.5.4. DEMO 3 (Spain - Iberdrola) MV and LV failure detection, reconfiguration of the MV network during an incident -- 6.5.4.1. Description of the project -- 6.5.4.2. Specificities of the context -- 6.5.4.3. Specific objectives -- 6.5.4.4. Primary use cases tested by the demonstrator -- 6.5.5. DEMO 4 (Italy - ENEL) economic model and technical operation of storage, MV voltage regulation, anti-islanding of decentralized generation -- 6.5.5.1. Description of the project -- 6.5.5.2. Specificities of the context -- 6.5.5.3. Specific objectives -- 6.5.5.4. Primary use cases tested by the demonstrator -- 6.5.6. DEMO 5 (Czech Republic - CEZ) operating islanding with co-generation, MV and LV failure detection and reconfiguration of the MV network following an incident -- 6.5.6.1. Description of the project -- 6.5.6.2. Specificities of the context -- 6.5.6.3. Specific objectives -- 6.5.6.4. Primary use cases tested by the demonstrator -- 6.5.7. DEMO 6 (France - ERDF): project NiceGrid -- 6.5.7.1. Description of the project -- 6.5.7.2. Specificities of the context -- 6.5.7.3. Specific objectives -- 6.5.7.4. Primary use cases tested by the demonstrator -- 6.6. An approach based on use cases -- 6.6.1. Definition -- 6.6.2. Advantages -- 6.6.3. The development of use cases.

6.7. Focus on some advanced projects of the ISGAN case book about Demand Side Management.