1 History and Importance to Human Affairs -- 2 Hyphal Structure -- 3 A Top-Down Systems Biology Approach for the Identification of Targets for Fungal Strain and Process Development -- 4 Phylogenetics and Phylogenomics of the Fungal Tree of Life -- 5 Signal Transduction Pathways -- 6 Mitotic Cell Cycle Control -- 7 Meiosis -- 8 DNA Repair and Recombination -- 9 Chromatin Structure and Modification -- 10 Transposable Elements and Repeat-Induced Point Mutation -- 11 Meiotic trans-Sensing and Silencing in Neurospora -- 12 Mycoviruses -- 13 Mitochondria and Respiration -- 14 Vacuoles in Filamentous Fungi -- 15 Peroxisomes in Filamentous Fungi -- 16 The Cytoskeleton in Filamentous Fungi -- 17 The Cell Wall of Filamentous Fungi -- 18 Hyphal Growth and Polarity -- 19 Hyphal Fusion -- 20 Biology and Genetics of Vegetative Incompatibility in Fungi -- 21 Glucose -- 22 Gluconeogenesis -- 23 Nitrogen Metabolism in Filamentous Fungi -- 24 Amino Acids and Polyamines: Polyfunctional Proteins, Metabolic Cycles, and Compartmentation -- 25 Sulfur, Phosphorus, and Iron Metabolism -- 26 Secondary Metabolism -- 27 Plant Cell Wall and Chitin Degradation -- 28 Light Sensing -- 29 Circadian Rhythms -- 30 How Fungi Sense Sugars, Alcohols, and Amino Acids -- 31 Regulation of Gene Expression by Ambient pH -- 32 Heat Shock Response -- 33 Mating Systems and Sexual Morphogenesis in Ascomycetes -- 34 Mating and Sexual Morphogenesis in Basidiomycete Fungi -- 35 Regulation of Aspergillus Conidiation -- 36 The Conidium -- 37 Magnaporthe oryzae and Rice Blast Disease -- 38 Fusarium Genetics and Pathogenicity -- 39 Ustilago maydis and Maize: a Delightful Interaction -- 40 Necrotrophic Fungi: Live and Let Die -- 41 Epichloèe Endophytes: Models of an Ecological Strategy -- 42 Mycoparasitism -- 43 Aspergillus fumigatus -- 44 Cryptococcus neoformans: Budding Yeast and Dimorphic Filamentous Fungus -- 45 Histoplasma capsulatum -- 46 The Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans