Bioactive Natural Products -- Contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- About the Editor -- List of Contributors -- Chapter 1 An Overview -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 An Overview of the Book -- 1.2.1 Chapter 2 -- 1.2.2 Chapter 3 -- 1.2.3 Chapter 4 -- 1.2.4 Chapter 5 -- 1.2.5 Chapter 6 -- 1.2.6 Chapter 7 -- 1.2.7 Chapter 8 -- 1.2.8 Chapter 9 -- 1.2.9 Chapter 10 -- 1.2.10 Chapter 11 -- 1.2.11 Chapter 12 -- 1.2.12 Chapter 13 -- 1.2.13 Chapter 14 -- 1.2.14 Chapter 15 -- 1.2.15 Chapter 16 -- 1.2.16 Chapter 17 -- 1.3 Concluding Remarks -- Chapter 2 Use of Chemical Genomics to Investigate the Mechanism of Action for Inhibitory Bioactive Natural Compounds -- 2.1 Introduction: Antibiotic Resistance and the Use of Natural Products as a Source for Novel Antimicrobials -- 2.2 Chemical Genetics and Genomics -- 2.3 Development of GDA Technology -- 2.3.1 The Use of Gene Deletion Arrays (GDAs) to Investigate MOA -- 2.3.2 Chemical Genetic Interactions -- 2.3.3 Quantifying Genetic and Chemical Genetic Interactions -- 2.3.4 Data Analysis -- 2.3.5 Platforms for Chemical Genomic GDA Studies -- 2.3.6 Why Screen Natural Products in GDAs? -- 2.3.7 Successful Applications of GDA Technology -- 2.4 Concluding Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 3 High-Throughput Drug Screening Based on Cancer Signaling in Natural Product Screening -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Cancer Signaling Pathways with Their Own Drug Screening Assays in HTS -- 3.2.1 β-Galactosidase Enzyme Complementation Assays for EGFR Signaling Drug Screening -- 3.2.2 Fluorescence Superquenching Assays for PI3Ks Signaling Drug Screening -- 3.2.3 TOP Flash Reporter Gene Assays for Wnt Signaling Drug Screening -- 3.2.4 Luciferase Reporter Gene Assays for STATs Signaling Drug Screening -- 3.3 Concluding Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References.

Chapter 4 Immunosuppressants: Remarkable Microbial Products -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Discovery -- 4.3 Mode of Action -- 4.4 Biosynthesis -- 4.4.1 Acetate, Propionate, Butyrate, Methionine, and Valine as Precursors of the Macrolide Rings of Sirolimus, Ascomycin, and Tacrolimus -- 4.4.2 Pipecolate Moiety of the Macrolide Ring of Sirolimus, Ascomycin, and Tacrolimus -- 4.4.3 The Final Step in Biosynthesis of Ascomycins and Tacrolimus -- 4.4.4 Formation of the Substituted Cyclohexyl Moiety of Sirolimus, Tacrolimus, and Ascomycins -- 4.4.5 Biosynthesis of Cyclosporin -- 4.5 Genetics and Strain Improvement -- 4.6 Fermentation and Nutritional Studies -- 4.7 Other Activities of Immunosuppressants -- 4.8 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 5 Activators and Inhibitors of ADAM-10 for Management of Cancer and Alzheimer's Disease -- 5.1 Introduction to ADAM Family of Enzymes -- 5.2 ADAM-10 Structure and Physiological Roles -- 5.3 Pathological Significance -- 5.3.1 Modulating ADAM Activity in Neurodegeneration -- 5.3.2 ADAM-10 in Cancer Pathology -- 5.4 ADAM-10 as Potential Drug Target -- 5.5 Synthetic Inhibitors of ADAM-10 -- 5.6 Natural Products as Activators and Inhibitors for ADAM-10 -- 5.7 Natural Products as ADAM-10 Activators -- 5.7.1 Ginsenoside R -- 5.7.2 Curcuma longa -- 5.7.3 Ginkgo biloba -- 5.7.4 Green Tea -- 5.8 Natural Products as ADAM-10 Inhibitors -- 5.8.1 Triptolide -- 5.8.1.1 Novel Derivatives and Carriers of Triptolide -- 5.9 Concluding Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 6 Structure and Biological Activity of Polyether Ionophores and Their Semisynthetic Derivatives -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Structures of Polyether Ionophores and Their Derivatives -- 6.2.1 Monensin and Its Derivatives -- 6.2.2 Salinomycin and Its Derivatives.

6.2.3 Lasalocid Acid A and Its Derivatives -- 6.2.4 Other Polyether Ionophores -- 6.2.4.1 Ionophores with Monensin Skeleton -- 6.2.4.2 Polyether Ionophores with Dianemycin Skeleton -- 6.3 Chemical Properties of Polyether Ionophores and Their Derivatives -- 6.3.1 Complexes of Ionophores with Metal Cations -- 6.3.2 Mechanism of Cation Transport -- 6.4 Biological Activity -- 6.4.1 Antibacterial Activity of Polyether Antibiotics and Their Derivatives -- 6.4.2 Antifungal Activity of Polyether Antibiotics and Their Derivatives -- 6.4.3 Antiparasitic Activity of Polyether Antibiotics and Their Derivatives -- 6.4.4 Antiviral Activity of Polyether Antibiotics -- 6.4.5 Anticancer Activity of Polyether Antibiotics and Their Derivatives -- 6.5 Concluding Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 7 Bioactive Flavaglines: Synthesis and Pharmacology -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Biosynthetic Aspects -- 7.3 Synthesis of Flavaglines -- 7.3.1 Chemical Syntheses -- 7.3.2 Biomimetic Synthesis of Flavaglines -- 7.3.3 Synthesis of Silvestrol (6) -- 7.4 Pharmacological Properties of Flavaglines -- 7.4.1 Anticancer Activity -- 7.4.2 Anti-inflammatory and Immunosuppressant Activities -- 7.4.3 Cytoprotective Activity -- 7.4.4 Antimalarial Activities -- 7.5 Structure-Activity Relationships (SARs) -- 7.6 Concluding Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 8 Beneficial Effect of Naturally Occurring Antioxidants against Oxidative Stress-Mediated Organ Dysfunctions -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants -- 8.2.1 Mangiferin and Its Beneficial Properties -- 8.2.1.1 Antioxidant Activity of Mangiferin -- 8.2.1.2 Anti-inflammatory Activity of Mangiferin -- 8.2.1.3 Immunomodulatory Effect -- 8.2.1.4 Antidiabetic Activity -- 8.2.1.5 Iron Complexing Activity of Mangiferin.

8.2.1.6 Mangiferin Protects against Mercury-Induced Toxicity -- 8.2.1.7 Mangiferin Protects Murine Liver against Pb(II)-Induced Hepatic Damage -- 8.2.2 Arjunolic Acid -- 8.2.2.1 Cardioprotective Effects of Arjunolic Acid -- 8.2.2.2 Antidiabetic Activity -- 8.2.2.3 Arjunolic Acid Protects Organs from Acetaminophen (APAP)-Induced Toxicity -- 8.2.2.4 Arjunolic Acid Protects Liver from Sodium Fluoride-Induced Toxicity -- 8.2.2.5 Protection against Arsenic-Induced Toxicity -- 8.2.2.6 Mechanism of Action of Arjunolic Acid -- 8.2.3 Baicalein -- 8.2.3.1 Baicalein Protects Human Melanocytes from H2O2-Induced Apoptosis -- 8.2.3.2 Protection against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity -- 8.2.4 Silymarin -- 8.2.4.1 Physicochemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Silymarin -- 8.2.4.2 Metabolism of Silymarin -- 8.2.4.3 Antioxidant Activity of Silymarin -- 8.2.4.4 Protective Effect of Silydianin against Reactive Oxygen Species -- 8.2.4.5 Diabetes and Silymarin -- 8.2.4.6 Silibinin Protects H9c2 Cardiac Cells from Oxidative Stress -- 8.2.4.7 Silymarin Protects Liver from Doxorubicin-Induced Oxidative Damage -- 8.2.4.8 Silymarin and Hepatoprotection -- 8.2.4.9 Stimulation of Liver Regeneration -- 8.2.5 Curcumin -- 8.2.5.1 Chemical Composition of Turmeric -- 8.2.5.2 Metabolism of Curcumin -- 8.2.5.3 Antioxidant Activity of Curcumin -- 8.2.5.4 Diabetes and Curcumin -- 8.2.5.5 Efficacy of Biodegradable Curcumin Nanoparticles in Delaying Cataract in Diabetic Rat Model -- 8.3 Concluding Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 9 Isoquinoline Alkaloids and Their Analogs: Nucleic Acid and Protein Binding Aspects, and Therapeutic Potential for Drug Design -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Isoquinoline Alkaloids and Their Analogs -- 9.2.1 Berberine.

9.2.1.1 Interaction of Berberine with Deoxyribonucleic Acids -- 9.2.1.2 DNA Binding of Berberine Analogs -- 9.2.1.3 Binding of Berberine and Analogs to Polymorphic DNA Conformations -- 9.2.1.4 Interaction of Berberine and Analogs with Ribonucleic Acids -- 9.2.1.5 Interaction of Berberine and Analogs with Proteins -- 9.2.2 Palmatine -- 9.2.2.1 Interaction of Palmatine and Analogs to Deoxyribonucleic Acids -- 9.2.2.2 Interaction of Palmatine with RNA -- 9.2.2.3 Interactions of Palmatine with Proteins -- 9.2.3 Other Isoquinoline Alkaloids: Jatrorrhizine, Copticine, and Analogs - DNA/RNA and Protein Interactions -- 9.3 Concluding Remarks -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- References -- Chapter 10 The Potential of Peptides and Depsipeptides from Terrestrial and Marine Organisms in the Fight against Human Protozoan Diseases -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Antiprotozoan Peptides and Depsipeptides of Natural Origin and Their Synthetic Analogs -- 10.2.1 Apicidins -- 10.2.2 Almiramides and Dragonamides -- 10.2.3 Balgacyclamides -- 10.2.4 Beauvericins and Allobeauvericin -- 10.2.5 Aerucyclamides -- 10.2.6 Chondramides and Jaspamides -- 10.2.7 Enniatins and Beauvenniatins -- 10.2.8 Gallinamide A, Dolastatin 10 and 15, and Symplostatin 4 -- 10.2.9 Hirsutatins and Hirsutellides -- 10.2.10 Alamethicin -- 10.2.11 Gramicidins -- 10.2.12 Kahalalides -- 10.2.13 Lagunamides -- 10.2.14 Paecilodepsipeptides -- 10.2.15 Pullularins -- 10.2.16 Szentiamide -- 10.2.17 Venturamides -- 10.2.18 Viridamides -- 10.2.19 Antiamoebin I -- 10.2.20 Efrapeptins -- 10.2.21 Valinomycin -- 10.2.22 Cyclosporins -- 10.2.23 Cyclolinopeptides -- 10.2.24 Cycloaspeptides -- 10.2.25 Mollamides -- 10.2.26 Tsushimycin -- 10.2.27 Leucinostatins -- 10.2.28 Cardinalisamides -- 10.2.29 Symplocamide A -- 10.2.30 Xenobactin -- 10.3 Concluding Remarks -- Abbreviations -- References.

Chapter 11 Sesquiterpene Lactones: A Versatile Class of Structurally Diverse Natural Products and Their Semisynthetic Analogs as Potential Anticancer Agents.