Stability and Divergence in Language Contact -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Introduction -- Part I: Theoretical aspects -- Part II: Empirical studies -- Stability and/or divergence vs. convergence -- Stability as a source of divergence -- Partial convergence may create stable divergence -- Stability and divergence in language contact -- Dialect stability and divergence from the standard language -- Dialect divergence -- Language divergence -- Part I. Theoretical aspects -- Linguistic stability and divergence: An extended perspective on language contact -- 1. On the role of stability and divergence in language change research -- 2. Factors and mechanisms relevant for linguistic change and stability -- 2.1 The multilingual speaker as the locus of contact -- 2.2 The role of intra- vs. extra-linguistic factors -- 2.3 Multilingual competence and the construction of equivalences -- 2.4 Motivations for language change and stability: The cognitive dimension -- 2.5 Motivations for language change and stability: Prestige and attitudes -- 2.6 Linguistic change and stability: Demographic, geographic and political factors -- 2.7 The role of standardisation and a roofing language -- 2.8 Styles and registers -- 3. Scenarios of linguistic stability and divergence -- 3.1 Instances of divergence in language contact situations -- 3.2 Examples of stability in language contact settings -- 4. Stability and divergence in language contact: Towards a classification -- 4.1 Contact-induced stability -- 4.2 Stability despite contact -- 4.3 Contact-induced divergence -- 4.4 Divergence despite contact -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Convergence vs. divergence from a diasystematic perspective -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Definition and types of convergence and divergence -- 3. Convergence vs. pro-diasystematic change.

4. Exemples: Recent Low German -- 4.1 Background -- 4.2 Formal and functional convergence -- 4.3 Functional convergence, formal con- or divergence -- 4.4 Functional convergence, formal divergence -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Part II. Empirical studies -- Stability and convergence in case marking: Low and High German -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Case marking in Low German and in Standard German -- 3. Methodology -- 3.1 Synchronic spoken corpus -- 3.2 Diachronic spoken corpus -- 4. Results -- 4.1 Synchronic spoken corpus -- 4.2 Diachronic spoken corpus -- 5. Discussion -- References -- Towards a typological classification of Judeo-Spanish: Analyzing syntax and prosody of Bulgarian judezmo -- 1. Introduction -- 2. State of the art -- 2.1 Syntactic features -- 2.1.1 Word-order in general -- 2.1.2 Stylistic fronting (SF) -- 2.1.3 Clitic Distribution -- 2.1.4 Clitic Climbing -- 2.2 Phonology -- 2.2.1 Segmental phonology -- 2.2.2 Speech rhythm -- 3. Data and methodology -- 3.1 Speakers -- 3.2 Grammaticality Judgment Task (GJT) -- 3.3 Speech data -- 4. Results -- 4.1 Syntax -- 4.2 Vowel reduction and speech rhythm -- 5. Summary and concluding remarks -- References -- Appendix -- Despite or because of intensive contact? Internal, external and extralinguistic aspects of divergence in modern dialects and ethnolects of Dutch -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Some key notions -- 3. A two-pronged hypothesis and a methodological preliminary -- 4. Dialect leveling in Limburg -- 5. r-lessness in three groups of Dutch dialects -- 6. Homogenization of the dialect landscape and the effect of the Dutch-Belgian state border -- 7. Two dimensions of ethnolectal variation in the realization of /z/ -- 8. Sizing up and looking ahead -- References -- Stability in Chinese and Malay heritage languages as a source of divergence -- 1. Introduction.

2. Stability in form: Contact-induced hyperextension of form -- 2.1 Indeterminate form meaning-mapping -- 2.2 A case study: Hyperextension of ada in heritage Malay -- 2.3 Congruent lexicalization: Hyperextension of the definite marker -nya in heritage Malay -- 3. Stability in function: Sortal classifiers following numerals -- 3.1 The nature of sortal classifiers -- 4. Stability in form and function -- 4.1 Grammaticalization of punya in Ambon Malay -- 4.2 Grammaticalization of punya: Baseline versus heritage speakers -- 4.3 Discussion on the halt of grammaticalization of punya in heritage Malay -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Does convergence generate stability? The case of the Cypriot Greek koiné -- 1. Introduction -- 2. What's in a koiné? Sociolinguistic and structural considerations -- 3. A composite matrix language, code-mixing at the (stable) end-state? -- 3.1 Convergence through congruence? -- 3.2 Convergence as abstract compositeness in the face of surface incongruence -- 3.2.1 Irrealis forms -- 3.2.2 Focus and wh- clefts -- 3.2.3 Innovative Present Perfect A -- 3.2.4 Arrested' convergence -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Gender and noun inflection: The fate of 'vulnerable' categories in Northern Norwegian -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The contact situation in Nord-Troms and Finnmark -- 3. Gender, inflection and language contact -- 3.1 Definition of gender and inflection class -- 3.2 The function of gender -- 3.3 Gender and contact -- 3.4 Gender and noun inflection in Manndalen and Sappen -- 4. The Nordic Dialect Corpus - methodological considerations -- 4.1 The Nordic Dialect Corpus and our corpus -- 4.2 A two-step search process -- 5. Analysis -- 5.1 Gender: Indefinite articles and possessives -- 5.2 Noun inflection -- 5.3 Summary of distributional patterns -- 6. Discussion -- 6.1 Stability -- 6.2 Divergence -- 7. Conclusion.

References -- Dialect stability and divergence in southern Spain: Social and personal motivations -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Dialect attrition and revitalization in southern Spain -- 1.2 Objective -- 2. Sociolinguistic configuration of the speech community -- 2.1 Dialect attrition. Lexical evidence -- 2.2 Horizontal divergence -- 2.2.1 Western varieties -- 2.2.2 Eastern varieties -- 2.3 Vertical divergence -- 2.3.1 Minority speech patterns -- 2.3.2 Chain-shift changes -- 3. Motivations for non-convergence in southern dialects -- 3.1 Local loyalty -- 3.1.1 Urban working class /θs/ split rejection -- 3.1.2 Rural immigrants. Minority speech patterns -- 3.1.3 The speech community polarization -- 3.2 Individual interpretation -- 3.2.1 Group and individual -- 3.2.2 Participant analyst -- 3.2.3 Individual motivation. Identity and current norms -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- The Bergen dialect splits in two -- 1. Dialectal levelling in Bergen and Norway -- 2. Characteristics of the Bergen dialect -- 3. The area -- 4. The two projects -- 5. Main differences in 1978 -- 6. Changes over three generations -- 7. Some innovations -- 8. Changes in real time and/or age grading -- 9. Social distribution -- 10. Language attitudes in the two areas -- 11. Societal development in the two areas -- 12. Conclusion -- References -- Diachronic convergence and divergence in differential object marking between Spanish and Portuguese -- 1. Introduction -- 2. General aspects of differential object marking (DOM) -- 3. Some observations concerning the data -- 4. The diachrony of DOM in Spanish and Portuguese -- 4.1 The origin of DOM on the Iberian Peninsula -- 4.2 The Middle Ages (12th to 15th c.) -- 4.2.1 DOM in Medieval Spanish -- 4.2.2 DOM in Medieval Portuguese -- 4.3 Spanish DOM from the 16th to the 21st c.

4.4 Portuguese DOM during the Spanish Golden Age (16th and 17th c.) -- 4.5 Portuguese DOM from the 18th to the 21st c. -- 4.6 Comparison of Spanish and Portuguese DOM -- 5. Convergence and divergence of Portuguese DOM -- 6. Conclusion -- Abbreviations used in the glosses -- References -- Persons index -- Subjects index.