FRONT COVER -- MICROBIAL GLYCOBIOLOGY: STRUCTURES, RELEVANCE AND APPLICATIONS -- COPYRIGHT PAGE -- CONTENTS -- LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS -- PREFACE -- PART I: MICROBIAL GLYCOLIPIDS, GLYCOPROTEINS AND GLYCOPOLYMERS -- Chapter 1. Overview of the glycosylated components of the bacterial cell envelope -- SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION - THE BACTERIAL CELL ENVELOPE ENCOUNTERING ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES -- 2. THE GRAM-NEGATIVE CELL ENVELOPE -- 3. THE GRAM-POSITIVE CELL ENVELOPE -- 4. THE MYCOBACTERIAL CELL ENVELOPE -- 5. THE ARCHAEAL CELL ENVELOPES AND S-LAYERS -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2. Bacterial cell envelope peptidoglycan -- SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. STRUCTURAL VARIATION IN BACTERIAL PEPTIDOGLYCAN -- 3. BIOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN -- 4. THE MOLECULAR ARCHITECTURE OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN -- 5. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3. Core region and lipid A components of lipopolysaccharides -- SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. GENERAL STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE LIPID A MOLECULE -- 3. LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF MAMMALIAN PATHOGENIC BACTERIA: THE CASE OF B. CEPACIA COMPLEX -- 4. PLANT PATHOGENIC AGROBACTERIUM AND XANTHOMONAS LPS AND THE ACTIVATION OF INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN PLANTS -- 5. STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF LIPID A -- 6. GENERAL STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF THE CORE REGION -- 7. CORE STRUCTURES OF VARIOUS BACTERIA -- 8. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4. O-Specific polysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria -- SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. COMPOSITION OF O-PSs -- 3. REPETITIVE O-PS STRUCTURES -- 4. NON-REPETITIVE MOTIFS -- 5. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5. Teichoic acids, lipoteichoic acids and related cell wall glycopolymers of Gram-positive bacteria -- SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. TEICHOIC ACID STRUCTURES -- 3. BIOSYNTHESIS OF WTAs AND LTA.

4. ROLES OF WTAs AND LTA IN BACTERIAL PHYSIOLOGY -- 5. TEICHOIC ACIDS AND HOST CELL RECEPTOR INTERACTION -- 6. CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6. Bacterial capsular polysaccharides and exopolysaccharides -- SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CARBOHYDRATE COMPONENTS OF CAPSULAR AND EXO-POLYSACCHARIDES -- 3. NON-CARBOHYDRATE SUBSTITUENTS OF CAPSULAR AND EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES -- 4. STRUCTURE OVERVIEW OF BACTERIAL POLYSACCHARIDES -- 5. POLYSACCHARIDE SHAPES -- 6. BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF CAPSULAR AND EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES -- 7. EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES OF THE BURKHOLDERIA CEPACIA COMPLEX: A CASE STUDY -- 8. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7. Bacterial surface layer glycoproteins and "non-classical" secondary cell wall polymers -- SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. BACTERIAL AND ARCHAEAL S-LAYERS -- 3. GENERAL FEATURES OF GLYCOSYLATED S-LAYER PROTEINS -- 4. GENETICS -- 5. BIOSYNTHESIS -- 6. THE "NON-CLASSICAL" GROUP OF SECONDARY CELL WALL POLYMERS -- 7. OUTLOOK -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8. Glycosylation of bacterial and archaeal flagellins -- SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. FLAGELLAR GLYCAN STRUCTURES -- 3. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF FLAGELLAR GLYCANS -- 4. FLAGELLAR GLYCAN BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS -- 5. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9. Glycosylated components of the mycobacterial cell wall: structure and function -- SUMMARY -- 1. CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF MYCOBACTERIUM SPP. -- 2. THE MYCOBACTERIAL ENVELOPE -- 3. THE MYCOBACTERIAL CELL WALL SKELETON: THE MYCOLYLARABINOGALACTAN-PG COMPLEX -- 4. THE SOLUBLE CROSS-SPECIES GLYCOCONJUGATES OF THE MYCOBACTERIAL CELL WALL -- 5. THE SPECIES AND SUB-SPECIES SPECIFIC SOLUBLE GLYCOCONJUGATES OF MYCOBACTERIAL CELL WALLS -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES.

Chapter 10. Glycoconjugate structure and function in fungal cell walls -- SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. OVERALL STRUCTURE -- 3. WALL POLYSACCHARIDES -- 4. CELL WALL GLYCOPROTEINS OF ASCOMYCETOUS FUNGI -- 5. CHARACTERISTICS OF FUNGAL CELL WALL GLYCOPROTEINS -- 6. THE MANNOPROTEIN GLYCANS -- 7. FUNCTIONS OF WALL GLYCOPROTEINS -- 8. DYNAMICS OF THE FUNGAL WALL PROTEOME -- 9. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11. Cytoplasmic carbohydrate molecules: trehalose and glycogen -- SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. OCCURRENCE, DISTRIBUTION AND FUNCTION OF GLYCOGEN -- 3. STRUCTURE OF GLYCOGEN -- 4. BIOSYNTHESIS OF GLYCOGEN -- 5. DEGRADATION OF GLYCOGEN -- 6. OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF TREHALOSE -- 7. BIOSYNTHESIS OF TREHALOSE -- 8. FUNCTIONS OF TREHALOSE -- 9. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12. Glycosylated compounds of parasitic protozoa -- SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE SURFACE COATS OF PARASITIC PROTOZOA - AN OVERVIEW -- 3. PROTEIN-LINKED AND FREE GPI GLYCOLIPIDS -- 4. N-LINKED GLYCANS -- 5. O-LINKED GLYCANS -- 6. PHOSPHOGLYCOSYLATION -- 7. PARASITE CYST WALL POLYSACCHARIDES -- 8. INTRACELLULAR RESERVE GLYCANS -- 9. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13. Analytical approaches towards the structural characterization of microbial wall glycopolymers -- SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF BACTERIAL GLYCAN STRUCTURES -- 3. NMR TECHNIQUES EMPLOYED FOR STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF GLYCANS -- 4. MASS SPECTROMETRY OF GLYCANS -- 5. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14. Single-molecule characterization of microbial polysaccharides -- SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY AND ITS APPLICATION TO MICROBIAL PSs -- 3. MEASUREMENTS OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SINGLE PSs -- 4. ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY AS A TOOL TO INVESTIGATE FUNCTION OF MICROBIAL PSs.

5. SINGLE-MOLECULE STUDIES OF MICROBIAL PSs USING OPTICAL TECHNIQUES -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15. Viral surface glycoproteins in carbohydrate recognition: structure and modelling -- SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. INFLUENZA VIRUS -- 3. PARAINFLUENZA -- 4. DENGUE VIRUS -- 5. ROTAVIRUS -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- PART II: SYNTHESIS OF MICROBIAL GLYCOSYLATED COMPONENTS -- A. Biosynthesis and biosynthetic processes -- Chapter 16. Biosynthesis of bacterial peptidoglycan -- SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. ASSEMBLY OF THE MONOMER UNIT -- 3. TRANSLOCATION OF THE MONOMER UNIT -- 4. POLYMERIZATION OF THE MONOMER UNIT -- 5. VARIATIONS IN PEPTIDOGLYCAN BIOSYNTHESIS -- 6. IN VIVO FUNCTIONING OF THE MONOMER UNIT ASSEMBLY -- 7. IN VIVO FUNCTIONING OF THE POLYMERIZATION PROCESS -- 8. INHIBITION OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN BIOSYNTHESIS -- 9. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 17. Biosynthesis and membrane assembly of lipid A -- SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE CONSTITUTIVE LIPID A BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAY -- 3. TRANSPORT -- 4. MODIFICATION OF THE Kdo-LIPID A DOMAIN OF LPS -- 5. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 18. Biosynthesis of O-antigen chains and assembly -- SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. THE E. COLI K-12 (O16) O-ANTIGEN -- 3. S. ENTERICA LT2 AND A FAMILY OF O-ANTIGENS -- 4. INITIAL TRANSFERASES THAT INITIATE O-ANTIGEN SYNTHESIS -- 5. OVERVIEW OF THE WZX/WZY PATHWAY -- 6. THE ABC TRANSPORTER PATHWAY -- 7. THE SYNTHASE PATHWAY -- 8. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 19. Biosynthesis of cell wall teichoic acid polymers -- SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. MODEL OF TEICHOIC ACID BIOSYNTHESIS -- 3. BIOSYNTHESIS OF WTA PRECURSORS -- 4. STUDYING MEMBRANE ACTIVITIES -- 5. LINKAGE UNIT GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES -- 6. TEICHOIC ACID POLYMER BIOSYNTHESIS -- 7. OUTSTANDING ISSUES.

8. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 20. Biosynthesis and assembly of capsular polysaccharides -- SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. BIOSYNTHESIS AND TRANSPORT OF CPSs ACROSS THE INNER MEMBRANE -- 3. CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE EXPORT ACROSS THE OUTER MEMBRANE -- 4. BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN THE INNER AND OUTER MEMBRANES -- 5. CELL-SURFACE ATTACHMENT OF THE CPS -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 21. Biosynthesis of the mycobacterial cell envelope components -- SUMMARY -- 1. MYCOBACTERIAL GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES -- 2. BIOCHEMISTRY AND GENETICS OF PEPTIDOGLYCAN (PG) SYNTHESIS -- 3. BIOCHEMISTRY AND GENETICS OF AG SYNTHESIS -- 4. BIOSYNTHESIS AND GENETICS OF THE PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-(PI-) CONTAINING PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-MANNOSIDES (PIMS), LMs AND LAMs -- 5. BIOSYNTHESIS AND GENETICS OF THE GLYCOPEPTIDOLIPIDS -- 6. BIOSYNTHESIS AND GENETICS OF THE PHTHIOCEROL-CONTAINING LIPIDS -- 7. BIOSYNTHESIS OF THE TREHALOSE-CONTAINING GLYCOLIPIDS -- 8. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 22. Biosynthesis of fungal and yeast glycans -- SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PRECURSORS FOR GLYCAN SYNTHESIS -- 3. FUNGAL PROTEIN GLYCOSYLATION -- 4. FUNGAL GLYCOLIPIDS -- 5. FUNGAL CELL WALL POLYMERS -- 6. INTRACELLULAR GLYCANS -- 7. EXOPOLYSACCHARIDES -- 8. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- B. Chemical synthesis -- Chapter 23. Chemical synthesis of bacterial lipid A -- SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. EARLY CHEMICAL SYNTHESES OF BACTERIAL LIPID A -- 3. IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF LIPID A ANALOGUES -- 4. SYNTHESIS OF LIPID A CONTAINING AN UNSATURATED FATTY ACYL GROUP -- 5. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 24. Chemical synthesis of the core oligosaccharide of bacterial lipopolysaccharide -- SUMMARY -- 1. INTRODUCTION.

2. SYNTHESIS OF 3-DEOXY-D-MANNO-OCT-2-ULOSONIC ACID (Kdo)- AND D-GLYCERO-D-TALO-OCT-2-ULOSONIC ACID (Ko)- CONTAINING CORE STRUCTURES.