Clause Linking and Clause Hierarchy -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- List of contributors -- Editor's introduction -- 1. Presentation -- 2. Previous studies -- 3. Aims -- 4. Some properties of coordination and subordination and some distinctive tests -- 5. Outlook of content -- Part I. A reassessment of terminology and typological methods -- A. A reassessment of the theory of nexus -- B. Statistical methods for typological comparability: A multi-variate approach -- Part II. Converbs, masdars, clause-chaining, conjunctive conjugations -- A. Converbs -- B.Converbs, masdars and prosody -- C.Converbs and other subordinating strategies -- D. Clause chaining and conjunctive conjugations -- Part III. The syntax, pragmatic, semantic interface -- A. Informational hierarchy, referential hierarchy and clause-linkage -- B.Deictics as conjunctive and correlative markers -- Part IV.T.A.M. strategies and informational hierarchy -- A.Mood, informational hierarchy and clause-linkage -- B. Conjugations, informational hierarchy and clause-linkage -- C. Pragmatics, T.A.M dependency and subordination -- D.T.A.M dependency and clause-chaining -- E.T.A.M markers and subordinators -- References -- Part I. Syntactic terminology and typological methods -- Clause linkage and Nexus in Papuan languages -- Abbreviations -- References -- Capturing particulars and universals in clause linkage -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Multivariate analysis -- 3. Some variables in clause linkage, with particular attention to adjoined structures -- 3.1 Illocutionaiy scope -- 3.2 Scope of negation, tense and other main clause operators -- 3.3 Finiteness and marking possibilities -- 3.3.1 Illocutionary force marking -- 3.3.2 Tense and status marking -- 3.4 Categorical symmetry -- 3.5 Focus or questions in linked clauses and extraction possibilities.

3.6 Focus marking on dependent clauses -- 3.7 Clause position -- 3.8 Layer of attachment -- 3.9 Other variables -- 4. Typological patterns -- 4.1 A pilot database -- 4.2 Prototypes and scales -- 4.2.1 Methods -- 4.2.2 Results -- 4.3 Correlations -- 4.3.1 Methods -- 4.3.2 Results -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Appendix: Pilot database on clause adjoining (NA = information not available) -- Part II. Clause-chaining, converbs, masdars, absolutive constructions, etc. -- Specialized converbs and adverbial subordination in Axaxdәrә Akhvakh -- 1. Introduction -- 2. General remarks on Akhvakh morphosyntax -- 2.1 Clause structure -- 2.2 Nouns and noun phrases -- 2.3 Adjectives -- 2.4 Verb inflection -- 2.4.1 TAM-polarity marking in independent verb forms -- 2.4.2 Gender-number agreement -- 2.4.3 Participles -- 2.4.4 Dependent verb forms -- 2.4.5 Morphological manifestations of finiteness -- 3. The general converb -- 4. The progressive converb -- 5. The specialized converbs: Introductory remarks -- 5.1 The expression of core arguments in converbal clauses -- 5.2 Missing arguments in clauses headed by specialized converbs -- 5.3 Linear order in constructions involving specialized converbs -- 5.3.1 Converbal clauses preceding the main verb -- 5.3.2 Converbal clauses following the main verb -- 6. The locative converb (or 'verbal locative') -- 7. Temporal converbs -- 7.1 The temporal reference of the temporal converbs -- 7.2 The posterior converb -- 7.3 The negative form of the posterior converb -- 7.4 The simultaneous converbs -- 7.5 The inceptive converb -- 7.6 The immediate converbs -- 7.7 The anterior converb -- 7.8 The imminent converb -- 7.9 The non-posterior converb -- 8. Conditional and concessive converbs -- 8.1 The conditional converb -- 8.1.1 The positive form of the conditional converb -- 8.1.2 The negative form of the conditional converb.

8.2 The concessive converbs -- 9. The similative converb -- 10. The gradual converb -- 11. The explicative converb -- 11.1 The positive form of the explicative converb -- 11.2 The negative form of the explicative converb -- 12. The purposive (or 'supine') converb -- 12.1 The positive form of the purposive converb -- 12.2 The negative form of the purposive converb -- 12.3 The emergence of a new purposive converb -- 13. Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- Annex -- References -- Finite and non-finite -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Verb stem structure -- 3. Word order, parts of speech and stress position and nature -- 4. Prosody and syntax of imperfective verb stems -- 4.1 The Masdar as a verbal noun with S/P argument function -- 4.2 Raising the S/P argument of the Masdar in complement clauses -- 4.3 The Masdar as an imperfective participle -- 4.4 Disembedding the Masdar: The debitive mood -- 5. Morphosyntactic classification and perfective stem uses -- 5.1 Augmented perfective class -- 5.2 Thematic perfective class -- 5.3 Radical perfective class -- 5.4 Perfective participles -- 5.5 The short infinitive -- 5.6 Short sequential converbs -- 5.7 Optative forms -- 6. Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- References -- Converbs and adverbial clauses in Badaga, a South-Dravidian language -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Converbal strategies -- 2.1 The contextual converb (Pc) -- 2.1.1 Clause-chaining with the contextual converb -- 2.1.1.1 Argument constraints -- 2.1.1.2 Temporal constraints -- 2.1.1.3 An alternative strategy: independent clause chaining -- 2.1.2 Disjunction -- 2.2 Specialized converbs -- 2.2.1 Adverbial time clauses (Padv) -- 2.2.1.1 Simultaneity (P1adv) -- 2.2.1.2 Anteriority (P2adv) -- 2.2.2 Negative adverbial clause: Negative Participle (Pneg) -- 2.2.3 Modality: The conditional (Hyp) -- 2.2.4 Note on aspectualized converbs -- 2.2.4.1 The progressive aspect (Prog).

2.2.4.2 Perfective aspect (Pfv) -- 2.2.4.3 The perfect aspect (Pf) -- 3. Nominalizing strategies -- 3.1 The two ways of nominalizing clauses -- 3.1.1 Substantivized verbs -- 3.1.2 Relativization -- 2.2 The use of case and postpositions in dependent clauses -- 4. Quotative strategy -- 5. Alternative ways of expressing similar semantic relations -- 5.1 Temporal relations -- 5.1.1 Time/condition -- 5.2 Causal relations -- 5.2.1 Cause/time -- 5.2.2 Cause expressed by the quotative -- 5.2.3 Cause/purpose -- 5.2.4 Concessive clauses -- 5.3 Manner clauses -- 5.3.1 Manner/comparison -- 5.4 Purpose clauses -- 5.5 Discourse functions -- 5.5.1 Discourse comment adverbial clauses -- 5.5.2 Discourse linkers -- 6. Instances of multi-clause complex sentences -- 7. Conclusion -- Abbreviations -- References -- Coordination, converbs and clause chaining in Coptic Egyptian typology and structural analysis -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Main typological characteristics -- 2.1 The Coptic language -- 2.2 Derivational categories: The verbal grade system -- 2.3 Inflectional categories: Tense/aspect/mood particles -- 2.4 Word order variation and information structure -- 3. Patterns of nominal and verbal/clausal coordination -- 3.1 Nominal coordination -- 3.2 Structurally symmetric verbal/clausal coordination -- 3.2.1 Asyndetic clause coordination -- 3.2.2 Syndetic clause coordination with awf: -- 3.2.3 Semantic asymmetries in awf˜-coordination -- 3.2.4 A note on gapping -- 4. Asymmetrically coordinating verb conjugations -- 4.1 Converbal relative tenses -- 4.1.1 A paradigmatic split in the Coptic tense system -- 4.1.2 Adverbial-subordinative versus coordinative converbs -- 4.2 The conjunctive conjugation -- 4.2.1 Paradigmatic irregularity -- 4.2.2 Conjunctive verbs and clause chaining -- 4.3 Delimiting the conjunctive from converbal relative tenses.

4.3.1 Adverbial-subordinative status -- 4.3.2 Scale of finiteness -- 4.3.3 Temporal ordering relations -- 4.4 Delimiting the conjunctive from the inferred evidential -- 5. Conjunctive verbs and interclausal nexus relations -- 5.1 Cosubordinate nexus -- 5.1.1 Same-subject conjunctive clauses -- 5.1.2 Different-subject conjunctive clauses -- 5.1.3 Syntactic variation in conjunctive clauses -- 5.1.4 Modification by interclausal connectives -- 5.1.5 Marked coordinative uses -- 5.2 Subordinative nexus -- 5.2.1 Conjunctive clauses used as core argument clauses -- 5.2.2 Conjunctive clauses used as adverbial clausal modifiers -- 6. Conclusions -- Abbreviations -- References -- Part III. Subordination, informational hierarchy and referential hierarchy -- Informational and referential hierarchy -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The syntax of information and referential hierarchy in clause-linking: Some definitions -- 2.1 Informational hierarchy: Focus, topic and their markers -- 2.2 Referential hierarchy: Demonstratives, deictic and definite markers -- 2.3 Source of focus and topic markers -- 2.4 Topic and focus strategies as clause hierarchy markers -- 2.5 Scope and domain -- 3. Information and referential hierarchy markers in clause-linking: Some case-studies -- 3.1 Sobei (svo, oceanic, irian jaya) -- 3.1.1 Categorical judgement clauses -- 3.1.2 Relative clauses -- 3.1.3 Time clauses -- 3.1.4 Complement clauses with mau -- 3.2 Kaulong (svo, oceanic, new britain) -- 3.2.1 Categorical judgement clauses structured as topic - comment -- 3.2.2 Relative clauses -- 3.2.3 Conditional, counterfactual and time-frame clauses -- 4. From coordinators to topic markers and other clause-linking functions -- 4.1 Borneo languages (austronesian) -- 4.2 New caledonian languages (remote oceanic) -- 4.3 Nêlêmwa (vs, voa, new caledonia, bril 2002) -- 4.3.1 Sequential and topic marker xe.

4.3.1.1 Sequential conjunctive marker xe.