Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Reviewers -- 1. Introduction to Communication Sciences and Disorders -- Introduction: Communication Sciences and Disorders as a Discipline -- Communication Sciences and Disorders: The Whole Is Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts -- An Interdisciplinary Field -- Translational Research -- Does the Basic Science Work? Does the Clinic Work? -- Evidence-Based Practice -- A Typical Undergraduate Curriculum -- Who Are the Professionals in Communication Sciences and Disorders? -- Preparation for, and the Profession of, Speech-Language Pathology -- Preparation for, and the Profession of, Audiology -- Order of Chapters in the Text -- Chapter Summary -- References -- 2. The Nervous System: Language, Speech, and Hearing Structures and Processes -- Introduction -- Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems -- The Neuron -- The Synapse -- Tour of Gross Neuroanatomy -- Frontal Lobe -- Occipital Lobe -- Temporal Lobe -- Parietal Lobe -- Hidden Cortex -- Subcortical Nuclei -- Brainstem, Cerebellum, and Spinal Cord -- The Auditory Pathways -- The Dominant Hemisphere and the Perisylvian Language Areas -- Arcuate Fasciculus (Dorsal Stream) and Ventral Stream -- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Speech and Language Brain Activity -- Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Diffusion Tensor Imaging -- Chapter Summary -- References -- 3. Language Science -- Introduction -- What Is Language? -- Language: A Conventional System -- Language: A Dynamic System -- Language Is Generative -- Language Uses Mental Representations -- Language Is Localized in the Brain -- Components of Language -- Form -- Social Use of Language (Pragmatics) -- Language and Cognitive Processes -- Why -- How -- When -- Chapter Summary -- References -- 4. Communication in a Multicultural Society -- Introduction -- Why It Matters -- Difference Versus Disorder.

Standardized Testing and Language Difference Versus Disorder -- Accent, Dialect, and Culture -- Accent -- Dialect -- Code Switching -- Foreign Accent -- Bilingualism and Multilingualism -- Chapter Summary -- References -- 5. Preverbal Foundations of Speech and Language Development -- Introduction -- Preparatory Notes on Developmental Chronologies -- 0 to 3 Months: Expression (Production) -- 0 to 3 Months: Perception and Comprehension -- 3 to 8 Months: Production -- 3 to 8 Months: Perception and Comprehension -- 8 to 12 Months: Production -- 8 to 12 Months: Perception and Comprehension -- Gesture and Preverbal Language Development -- Chapter Summary -- References -- 6. Typical Language Development -- Introduction -- 12 to 18 Months -- 18 to 24 Months -- Three Years (36 Months) -- Multiword Utterances, Grammatical Morphology -- Expanding Utterance Length: A Measure of Linguistic Sophistication -- Grammatical Morphology -- Typical Language Development in School Years -- Metalinguistic Skills -- Pragmatic Skill: Discourse -- Complex Sentences -- Sample Transcript -- Chapter Summary -- References -- 7. Pediatric Language Disorders I -- Introduction -- Specific Language Impairment/Developmental Language Disorder -- Language Characteristics of Children with SLI/DLD -- Summary of the Language Disorder in SLI/DLD -- What Is The Cause of SLI/DLD? -- The Role of Genetics in SLI/DLD -- Language Delay and Autism Spectrum Disorder -- Language Characteristics in ASD -- Language Delay and Hearing Impairment -- Epidemiology of Hearing Loss -- Language Characteristics in Hearing Impairment -- Speech and Language Development and Hearing Impairment -- Chapter Summary -- References -- 8. Pediatric Language Disorders II -- Introduction -- Criteria for a Diagnosis of ID -- Down Syndrome (DS): General Characteristics -- Epidemiology and the DS Phenotype.

Language Characteristics in DS -- Fragile X Syndrome: General Characteristics -- Epidemiology of FXS -- Language Characteristics in FXS -- Chapter Summary -- References -- 9. Language Disorders in Adults -- Introduction -- Review of Concepts for the Role of The Nervous System In Speech, Language, and Hearing -- Cerebral Hemispheres -- Lateralization of Speech and Language Functions -- Language Expression and Comprehension Are Represented in Different Cortical Regions of the Left Hemisphere -- Connections Between Different Regions of the Brain -- Perisylvian Speech and Language Areas of the Brain -- Adult Language Disorders: Aphasia -- Classification of Aphasia -- Aphasia Due to Stroke: A Summary -- Traumatic Brain Injury and Aphasia -- Nature of Brain Injury in TBI -- Language Impairment in TBI -- Dementia -- Brain Pathology in Dementia -- Language Disorders in Dementia -- Chapter Summary -- References -- 10. Speech Science I -- Introduction -- The Speech Mechanism: A Three-Component Description -- Respiratory System Component (Power Supply for Speech) -- The Respiratory System and Vegetative Breathing -- Speech Breathing -- Clinical Applications: An Example -- The Larynx (Sound Source for Speech) -- Laryngeal Cartilages -- Laryngeal Muscles and Membranes -- Phonation -- Characteristics of Phonation -- Clinical Applications: An Example -- Upper Airway (Consonants and Vowels) -- Muscles of the Vocal Tract -- Vocal Tract Shape and Vocalic Production -- Velopharyngeal Mechanism -- Valving in the Vocal Tract and the Formation of Speech Sounds -- Coarticulation -- Clinical Applications: An Example -- Chapter Summary -- References -- 11. Speech Science II -- Introduction -- The Theory of Speech Acoustics -- The Sound Source -- The Sound Filter -- Vowel Sounds Result From the Combination of Source and Filter Acoustics.

Resonant Frequencies of Vowels Are Called Formants: Spectrograms -- The Tube Model of Human Vocal Tract Makes Interesting Predictions and Suggests Interesting Problems -- A Spectrogram Shows Formant Frequencies and Much More -- Speech Synthesis -- Speech Recognition -- Speech Acoustics and Assistive Listening Devices -- Speech Perception -- The Perception of Speech: Special Mechanisms? -- The Perception of Speech: Auditory Theories -- Motor Theory and Auditory Theory: A Summary -- Top-Down Influences: It Is Not All About Speech Sounds -- Speech Intelligibility -- Chapter Summary -- References -- 12. Phonetics -- Introduction -- International Phonetic Alphabet -- Vowels and Their Phonetic Symbols -- Consonants and Their Phonetic Symbols -- Clinical Implications of Phonetic Transcription -- Chapter Summary -- References -- 13. Typical Phonological Development -- Introduction -- Phonetic and Phonological Development: General Considerations -- Phonetic and Phonological Development -- Phonetic Development -- Phonological Development -- Typical Speech Sound Development -- Determination of Speech Sound Mastery in Typically Developing Children -- Possible Explanations for the Typical Sequence of Speech Sound Mastery -- Phonological Processes and Speech Sound Development -- Phonological Development and Word Learning -- Chapter Summary -- References -- 14. Motor Speech Disorders in Adults -- Introduction -- Classification of Motor Speech Disorders -- Dysarthria -- Subtypes of Dysarthria -- The Mayo Clinic Classification System for Motor Speech Disorders -- The Dysarthrias: A Summary -- Apraxia of Speech -- Chapter Summary -- References -- 15. Pediatric Speech Disorders I -- Introduction -- Speech Delay -- Diagnosis of Speech Delay -- Quantitative Measures of Speech Delay and Speech Intelligibility -- Speech Delay: Phonetic, Phonological, or Both?.

Additional Considerations in Speech Delay and Residual and Persistent Speech Sound Errors -- Speech Delay and Genetics -- Childhood Apraxia of Speech -- CAS Compared With Adult Apraxia of Speech (AAS) -- CAS: Prevalence and General Characteristics -- CAS: Speech Characteristics -- CAS and Overlap With Other Developmental Delays -- CAS and Genetics -- Chapter Summary -- References -- 16. Pediatric Speech Disorders II -- Introduction -- Childhood Motor Speech Disorders: Cerebral Palsy -- Subtypes of Cerebral Palsy -- Dysarthria in Cerebral Palsy -- Childhood Motor Speech Disorders: Traumatic Brain Injury and Tumors -- Traumatic Brain Injury -- Brain Tumors -- Treatment Options and Considerations -- Chapter Summary -- References -- 17. Fluency Disorders -- Introduction -- Incidence and Prevalence of Stuttering -- Genetic Studies -- Diagnosis of Developmental Stuttering -- The Natural History of Developmental Stuttering -- Stage I: Typical Dysfluencies -- Stage II: Borderline Stuttering -- Stage III: Beginning Stuttering -- Stage IV: Intermediate Stuttering -- Stage V: Advanced Stuttering -- Recovery of Fluency -- Possible Causes of Stuttering -- Psychogenic Theories -- Learning Theories -- Biological Theories -- Acquired (Neurogenic) Stuttering -- Symptoms of Neurogenic Stuttering Compared With Developmental Stuttering -- Treatment Considerations -- Chapter Summary -- References -- 18. Voice Disorders -- Introduction -- Epidemiology of Voice Disorders -- Initial Steps in the Diagnosis of Voice Disorders -- Case History -- Perceptual Evaluation of the Voice -- Viewing the Vocal Folds -- Measurement of Basic Voice Parameters -- Classification/Types of Voice Disorders -- The Hypo-Hyperfunctional Continuum -- Phonotrauma -- Organic Voice Disorders -- Functional Voice Disorders -- Neurological Voice Disorders -- Pediatric Voice Disorders.

Prevalence of Childhood Voice Disorders.