Plant Breeding.
Title:
Plant Breeding.
Author:
Brown, Jack.
ISBN:
9781118873519
Personal Author:
Edition:
2nd ed.
Physical Description:
1 online resource (295 pages)
Contents:
Cover -- TItle Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- About the companion website -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Requirements of plant breeders -- 1.2 Evolution of crop species -- 1.2.1 Why did hunter-gatherers become farmers? -- 1.2.2 What crops were involved? And when did they arise? -- 1.3 Natural and human selection -- 1.4 Contribution of modern plant breeders -- Think questions -- Chapter 2 Modes of Reproduction and Types of Cultivar -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Modes of reproduction -- 2.2.1 Sexual reproduction -- 2.2.2 Asexual reproduction -- 2.3 Types of cultivar -- 2.3.1 Pure-line cultivars -- 2.3.2 Open-pollinated cultivars -- 2.3.3 Hybrid cultivars -- 2.3.4 Clonal cultivars -- 2.3.5 Synthetic cultivars -- 2.3.6 Multiline cultivars -- 2.3.7 Composite-cross cultivars -- 2.4 Annuals and perennials -- 2.5 Reproductive sterility -- Think questions -- Chapter 3 Breeding Objectives -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 People, politics and economic criteria -- 3.3 Grower profitability -- 3.3.1 Increasing harvestable yield -- 3.3.2 Selection for yield increase -- 3.4 Increasing end-use quality -- 3.4.1 Testing for end-use quality -- 3.5 Increasing pest and disease resistance -- 3.6 Types of plant resistance -- 3.7 Mechanisms for disease resistance -- 3.8 Testing plant resistance -- 3.9 Conclusions -- Think questions -- Chapter 4 Breeding Schemes -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Development of pure-line cultivars -- 4.2.1 Homozygosity -- 4.2.2 Breeding schemes for pure-line cultivars -- 4.2.3 Number of segregating families and selections -- 4.2.4 Seed increases for cultivar release -- 4.3 Developing multiline cultivars -- 4.3.1 Backcrossing -- 4.4 Development of open-pollinated population cultivars -- 4.4.1 Breeding schemes for open-pollinating population cultivars.
4.4.2 Backcrossing in open-pollinated population cultivar development -- 4.5 Developing synthetic cultivars -- 4.5.1 Seed production of a synthetic cultivar -- 4.6 Developing hybrid cultivars -- 4.6.1 Heterosis -- 4.6.2 Types of hybrid -- 4.6.3 Breeding system for F1 hybrid cultivars -- 4.6.4 Backcrossing in hybrid cultivar development -- 4.6.5 Hybrid seed production and cultivar release -- 4.7 Development of clonal cultivars -- 4.7.1 Outline of a potato breeding scheme -- 4.7.2 Time to develop clonal cultivars -- 4.7.3 Sexual reproduction in clonal crops -- 4.7.4 Maintaining disease-free parental lines and breeding selections -- 4.7.5 Seed increase of clonal cultivars -- 4.8 Developing apomictic cultivars -- 4.9 Summary -- Think questions -- Chapter 5 Genetics and Plant Breeding -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Qualitative genetics -- 5.2.1 Genotype/phenotype relationships -- 5.2.2 Segregation of qualitative genes in diploid species -- 5.2.3 Qualitative loci linkage -- 5.2.4 Pleiotropy -- 5.2.5 Epistasis -- 5.2.6 Qualitative inheritance in tetraploid species -- 5.2.7 The chi-square test -- 5.2.8 Family size necessary in qualitative genetic studies -- 5.3 Quantitative genetics -- 5.3.1 The basis of continuous variation -- 5.3.2 Describing continuous variation -- 5.3.3 Relating quantitative genetics and the normal distribution -- 5.3.4 Quantitative genetics models -- 5.3.5 Testing the models -- 5.3.6 Quantitative trait loci -- Think questions -- Chapter 6 Predictions -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.1.1 Genotype × environment interactions -- 6.1.2 Genetically based predictions -- 6.2 Heritability -- 6.2.1 Broad-sense heritability -- 6.2.2 Narrow-sense heritability -- 6.2.3 Heritability from offspring-parent regression -- 6.3 Diallel crossing designs -- 6.3.1 Griffing's analysis -- 6.3.2 Hayman and Jinks' analysis -- 6.4 Cross prediction.
Think questions -- Chapter 7 Selection -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 What to select and when to select -- 7.2.1 Qualitative trait selection -- 7.2.2 Quantitative trait selection -- 7.2.3 Positive and negative selection -- 7.3 Response to selection -- 7.3.1 Association between traits or years -- 7.3.2 Heritability and its limitations -- 7.3.3 Methods of selection -- 7.3.4 Errors in selection -- 7.4 Applied selection -- 7.4.1 Number of genotypes in initial populations -- 7.4.2 Early generation selection -- 7.4.3 Intermediate generation selection -- 7.4.4 Advanced generation selection -- 7.4.5 Analysis of location trials -- 7.5 Cross prediction -- 7.5.1 Univariate cross prediction -- 7.5.2 Multivariate cross prediction -- 7.6 Parental selection -- 7.6.1 Phenotypic evaluation -- 7.6.2 Genotypic evaluation -- 7.6.3 Parental combinations -- 7.6.4 Germplasm collections -- Think questions -- Chapter 8 Broadening the Genetic Basis -- 8.1 Induced mutations -- 8.1.1 Methods of increasing the frequency of mutation -- 8.1.2 Types of mutation -- 8.1.3 Plant parts to be treated -- 8.1.4 Dose rates -- 8.1.5 Dangers of using mutagens -- 8.1.6 Impact of mutation breeding -- 8.1.7 Practical applications -- 8.2 Interspecific and intergeneric hybridization -- 8.2.1 Characters introduced to crops from wild related species -- 8.2.2 Factors involved in interspecific or intergeneric hybridization -- 8.2.3 Post-fertilization -- 8.2.4 Hybrid sterility -- 8.2.5 Backcrossing -- 8.2.6 Increasing genetic diversity -- 8.2.7 Creating new species -- 8.3 Plant genetic transformation -- 8.3.1 A glimpse at the genetic transformation of plants -- 8.3.2 Some applications of genetic engineering to plant breeding -- 8.3.3 Cautions and related issues -- Think questions -- Chapter 9 Contemporary Approaches in Plant Breeding -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Tissue culture.
9.2.1 Doubled haploids -- 9.2.2 Some potential issues -- 9.2.3 In vitro multiplication -- 9.3 Molecular markers in plant breeding -- 9.3.1 Theory of using markers -- 9.3.2 Types of marker systems -- 9.3.3 Molecular markers -- 9.3.4 Uses of molecular markers in breeding programmes -- 9.3.5 Issues with markers -- 9.3.6 The increasing availability of genome sequences -- Think questions -- Chapter 10 Practical Considerations -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Experimental design -- 10.2.1 Unreplicated designs -- 10.2.2 Randomized designs -- 10.2.3 The increasing role of linear mixed model approaches to analyse breeding data -- 10.3 Greenhouse management -- 10.3.1 Artificial hybridization -- 10.3.2 Seed and generation increases -- 10.3.3 Evaluation of breeding lines -- 10.3.4 Environmental control -- 10.3.5 Disease control -- 10.3.6 Economics -- 10.3.7 Experimental design in the glasshouse -- 10.4 Field plot techniques -- 10.4.1 Choice of land -- 10.4.2 Plot size and replication -- 10.4.3 Guard rows and discard rows -- 10.4.4 Machinery -- 10.5 Use of computers in plant breeding -- 10.5.1 Data storage and retrieval -- 10.5.2 Field plan design -- 10.5.3 Clerical operations -- 10.5.4 Data collection -- 10.5.5 Data analysis -- 10.5.6 Selection -- 10.5.7 Data transfer -- 10.5.8 Statistical consultation -- 10.5.9 Ease of use -- 10.6 Release of new cultivars -- 10.6.1 Information needed prior to cultivar release -- 10.6.2 Value in release -- 10.6.3 Cultivar names -- Think questions -- Chapter 11 Current Developments in Plant Breeding -- 11.1 Intellectual property and ownership issues -- 11.1.1 Patents -- 11.2 The impact of biotechnology -- 11.3 The regulation of genetically modified plants -- 11.4 Plant breeding as a career -- Further Reading -- Suggested Answers to Think Questions -- Index -- EULA.
Abstract:
This book, Plant Breeding, has it bases in an earlier text entitled An Introduction to Plant Breeding by Jack Brown and Peter Caligari, first published in 2008. The challenges facing today's plant breeders have never been more overwhelming, yet the prospects to contribute significantly to global food security and farmers' quality of life have never been more exciting and fulfilling. Despite this there has been a worrying decline in public funding for plant breeding-related research and support for international centers of germplasm development and crop improvement. In part, this has resulted in a serious reduction in the number of young people interested in devoting their professional careers to plant breeding as well as the number of universities offering plant breeding courses or conducting relevant research in plant breeding. The authors' aim in writing this book is to provide an integrated and updated view of the current scientific progress related to diverse plant breeding disciplines, within the context of applied breeding programs. This excellent new book will encourage a new generation of students to pursue careers related to plant breeding and will assist a wider audience of agricultural students, agronomists, policy makers and those with an interest in agriculture in gaining insight about the issues affecting plant breeding and its key role in improving the quality of life of people and in securing sufficient food, at the quality required and at an affordable price. With comprehensive coverage including questions designed for students, and an accompanying website containing additional material to help in the study of the subject, Plant Breeding is an ideal text for all those studying plant and crop sciences, and a convenient reference source for professionals working in the area. All libraries within universities and research
establishments where biological and agricultural sciences are studied and taught should have multiple copies of this book.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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