ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE -- CONTENTS -- FOREWORD -- PREFACE -- CONTRIBUTORS -- I PRINCIPLES -- 1 Introduction to Electron Paramagnetic Resonance -- 1.1 Chapter Summary -- 1.2 EPR Spectrum: What Is It? -- 1.3 The Electron Spin -- 1.4 Electron Spin in a Magnetic Field (Zeeman Effect) -- 1.5 Effect of Electromagnetic Fields -- 1.6 Macroscopic Collection of Electron Spins -- 1.7 Observation of Magnetic Resonance -- 1.8 Electron Spin in Atoms and Molecules -- 1.9 Macroscopic Magnetization -- 1.10 Spin Relaxation and Bloch Equations -- 1.11 Nuclear Spins -- 1.12 Anisotropy of the Hyperfine Interaction -- 1.13 ENDOR -- 1.14 Two Interacting Electron Spins -- 1.15 Quantum Machinery -- 1.16 Electron Spin in a Static Magnetic Field -- 1.17 Electron Spin Coupled to a Nuclear Spin -- 1.18 Electron Spin in a Zeeman Magnetic Field in the Presence of a Microwave Field -- 2 Basic Experimental Methods in Continuous Wave Electron Paramagnetic Resonance -- 2.1 Instrumental Components of a Continuous Wave Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (CW-EPR) Spectrometer -- 2.2 Experimental Techniques -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Bibliography -- 3 What Can Be Studied with Electron Paramagnetic Resonance? -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Organic Radicals -- 3.3 Organic Molecules with More than One Unpaired Electron -- 3.4 Inorganic Radicals, Small Paramagnetic Molecules, and Isolated Atoms -- 3.5 Transition Metal Ions -- 3.6 Natural Systems and Processes -- 3.7 Tailoring and Assembling PS for Magnetic Materials -- 3.8 Industrial Applications of EPR -- References -- Bibliography -- 4 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in the Liquid Phase -- 4.1 General Considerations -- 4.2 Generation of Radicals and Radical Ions -- 4.3 Basic Interactions and Principles -- 4.4 Patterns and Line Shapes of Fluid-Solution EPR Spectra -- 4.5 Transition-Metal Ions -- 4.6 Biradicals.

4.7 Simulation Software -- 4.8 How Fluid-Solution Spectra are Analyzed -- 4.9 Calculation of EPR Parameters -- 4.10 Molecular Properties Mirrored by EPR Spectra in Fluid Solution -- 4.11 Chemically Induced Dynamic Electron Polarization (CIDEP) and CID Nuclear Polarization (CIDNP): Methods to Study Short-Lived Radicals -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Further Reading -- 5 Pulsed Electron Paramagnetic Resonance -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Vector Model for Pulsed EPR -- 5.3 Pulse Sequences -- 5.4 Data Analysis -- 5.5 Spectrometer -- References -- 6 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra in the Solid State -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Anisotropy of the Zeeman Interaction: The g Tensor -- 6.3 The Hyperfine Interaction in the Solid State -- 6.4 TMIs -- 6.5 EPR Spectra for S > 1/2: ZFS -- References -- Appendix A.6.1 Simple Matrix Manipulations -- Appendix A.6.2 Pauli Matrices -- Appendix A.6.3 Transformation of Tensor Coordinates Via Matrices -- Appendix A.6.4 Euler Angles -- Appendix A.6.5 Matrix Elements of Spin-Orbit Coupling -- Appendix A.6.6 Origin of the g and A Values for simple TMIs -- Appendix References -- 7 The Virtual Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Laboratory: A User Guide to ab initio Modeling -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Modeling Tools -- 7.3 Tutorial and Case Studies -- 7.4 Conclusions -- References -- II APPLICATIONS -- 8 Spin Trapping -- 8.1 What Is Spin Trapping and Why Use It? -- 8.2 Spin Traps -- 8.3 Experimental Methods -- 8.4 Applications -- 8.5 Spin Trapping in the Gas Phase or in the Solid State -- 8.6 Availability of Spin Traps -- 8.7 FAQs -- Further Readings -- 9 Radiation Produced Radicals -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Interaction of Radiation with Matter -- 9.3 Qualitative Detection of DNA Radicals -- 9.4 Tools and Procedures for Radical Structure Determinations -- 9.5 Quantitative Detection of Radicals -- 9.6 Highlighted Reading.

Acknowledgments -- References -- 10 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Biochemistry and Biophysics -- Part I: Spin Labels, Paramagnetic Ions, and Oximetry -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Experimental Considerations -- 10.3 Dynamics -- 10.4 Saturation Transfer -- 10.5 Two-Dimensional Pulsed EPR -- 10.6 Protein Topology and SDSL -- 10.7 Surface Potentials/Accessibility and SDSL -- 10.8 Oximetry -- 10.9 Nanoscale Distance Measurement -- References -- Part II: Photosynthesis -- 10.10 Introduction -- 10.11 Oxygenic Photosynthesis -- Appendix A.10.1: Pulse EPR Experiments on Radical Pairs -- Appendix A.10.2: Recombination Triplet States of the Primary Donors -- References -- Further Reading -- 11 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Detection of Radicals in Biology and Medicine -- 11.1 Free Radicals in Disease Processes -- 11.2 Nature of Free Radicals Involved in Disease Processes and Potential Catalysts for Radical Formation -- 11.3 Direct EPR Detection of Reactive Radicals In Vivo and Ex Vivo -- 11.4 Spin Trapping of Reactive Radicals In Vivo and Ex Vivo -- 11.5 Spin Scavenging of Reactive Radicals In Vivo and Ex Vivo -- 11.6 Spin Trapping of Nitric Oxide -- 11.7 Verification of the Occurrence of Radical-Mediated Processes -- 11.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 12 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Applications to Catalytic and Porous Materials -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Paramagnetic TMIs -- 12.3 Spin Probes -- 12.4 Reaction Intermediates and Trapped Radicals -- 12.5 Sample Preparation Considerations -- 12.6 Summary and Outlook -- References -- 13 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance of Charge Carriers in Solids -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Point Defects, Charge Carriers, and EPR -- 13.3 Localized Electrons: Color Centers in Ionic Solids -- 13.4 Aggregate Color Centers -- 13.5 Localized Holes in Ionic Solids -- 13.6 Charge Carriers in Semiconductors.

13.7 CESR in Metals -- References -- Appendix -- SUBJECT INDEX -- CHEMICAL INDEX.