Reflections, Thoughts, and Episodes -- An Interview with Börje Langefors -- The Pioneer Era in Norwegian Scientific Computing (1948–1962) -- The Role of IBM in Starting up Computing in the Nordic Countries -- Computerisation of the Icelandic State and Municipalities -- Technology transfer, Modernization, and the Welfare State -- A Failure Revisited: The First Finnish Computer Construction Project -- On the Politics of Failure -- Birth of Computer Science Education and Research in Finland -- The Advent of the First General-Purpose Computer in Iceland -- Early Curricula in Computer Science at the University of Iceland -- Research and Curricula Development at Norwegian Universities -- Introducing Information Technology at Norwegian Regional Colleges -- Nordic Cooperation within the Field of Computing -- Cooperation as a Driving Force in Nordic It -- History of the Nordic Computer Industry -- The Datasaab Flexible Central Processing Unit -- of Computers in Norwegian School Mathematics -- From Programming to System Design -- The Birth of It in Upper Secondary Education in Norway -- It for Learning: A Need for a New Approach? -- The Early Nordic Software Effort -- Algol-Genius -- The Birth of Simula -- Club Activity in the Early Phases of Microcomputing in Finland -- MIPROC -- From Binary Strings to Visual Programming -- Ferranti Mercury at the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment -- Making Computing Available -- Scip: A Scandinavian Project on Systems Analysis and Design -- Is Scandinavian Information System Development Becoming Passé? -- Significant Applications -- Applications and Technologies for Maritime and Offshore Industries -- Applications and Technologies for Maritime and Offshore Industries -- Nordunet: The Roots of Nordic Networking -- Where Were the Women? -- When Computers Became of Interest in Politics -- Development in the Growth Base of the ‘Oulu Phenomenon’ -- The Norwegian Computing Center and the Univac 1107 (1963–1970) -- The Wegematic 1000 Computing Center, 1959–1964 -- Concluding Remarks.