This book presents a unified, systematic description of basic and advanced problems, methods and algorithms of the modern control theory treated as a foundation for the design of computer control and management systems. The scope of the book differs considerably from the topics of classical traditional control theory mainly oriented to the needs of automatic control of technical devices and technological processes. Taking into account a variety of new applications, the book presents traditional analysis and optimization problems for control systems as well as control problems with non-probabilistic models of uncertainty, problems of learning, intelligent, knowledge-based and operation systems important for applications in the control of manufacturing processes, in the project management and in the control of computer systems. Into the uniform framework of the book, original ideas and results based on the author's works concerning uncertain and intelligent knowledge-based control systems, applications of uncertain variables and the control of complexes of operations have been included. The material presented in the book is self-contained. Using the text does not require any previous knowledge of control science. Written as a modern textbook for students in the field of control and information science and engineering, this book will also be useful for researchers and all readers in this field.