Landscape in Language -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Foreword -- Preface -- Landscape in language -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The linguistics of landscape -- 3. Issues in ethnophysiography -- 4. Landscape terms and categories -- 5. Place names -- 6. Cultural and spiritual significance of places -- 7. Cultural differences and Geographic Information Systems -- 8. Overview of the remaining chapters -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Ethnophysiography -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Yindjibarndi case study -- 2.1 Description of language community -- 2.2 Case study description -- 2.3 Main findings -- 3. Navajo case study -- 3.1 Description of language community -- 3.2 Case study description -- 3.3 Main findings -- 4. Ethnophysiography Descriptive Model -- 4.1 Beyond descriptive ethnography -- 4.2 Towards a descriptive model of ethnophysiographic factors -- 4.3 Preliminary version of Ethnophysiography Descriptive Model -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Exploring philosophy of place -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Complexities of ethnophysiography -- 3. Collaborative research -- 4. Phenomenology -- 5. Phenomenology as overarching paradigm for ethnophysiography -- 6. Indigenous knowledges -- 7. Indigenous attachment to 'country' -- 8. The dreaming, Tjukurrpa and gathered places -- 9. Towards philosophical reconciliation -- 10. Methods for using phenomenology in ethnophysiography -- 11. Potential for ethnophysiography research to inform phenomenology -- 12. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Embedded in place -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The landscape problematic -- 2.1 Landscape: An ambiguous concept -- 2.2 Landscape: A universal concept? -- 2.3 Did Māori conceptualize "landscape"? -- 2.4 An alternate perspective on landscape -- 3. How Māori know places -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Understandings of time.

3.3 Genealogy and knowing -- 3.4 Thought and the spoken word -- 4. Māori places -- 4.1 Whenua: Place -- 4.2 "Mirror knowledge" -- 5. Named places as the face of place -- 5.1 Introduction: The study of Māori named places -- 5.2 Named places: Meaning and context -- 5.3 Terms for landscape features -- 5.4 Imagining named places -- 5.5 The names are the places -- 6. "Simultaneous landscapes" -- References -- Philosophical issues in ethnophysiography -- 0. Introduction -- 1. What is being analyzed? -- 2. What issues arise when gathering data? -- 3. How are questions framed to access data? -- 4. What is the goal of ethnophysiography? -- 5. How is human meaning connected to human expression, in the context of language about landscape? -- 6. What are the implications of applying the reconstructed data? -- 7. If ethnophysiography is to be seen as a nascent discipline, how does it relate to other disciplines? -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- 'Land' and life -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Research setting -- 3. Research methodology -- 3.1 Orthography and language -- 3.2 Data collection and analysis -- 4. Maninka classification of the biophysical environment -- 4.1 Broad structure -- 4.2 The physical environment -- 5. Ethnoecology and environmental variation -- References -- Landscape in Western Pantar, a Papuan outlier of southern Indonesia -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Prolegomenon -- 1.2 Language -- 1.3 Culture and economy -- 1.4 Ecosystem, geography and climate -- 1.5 Structure of the chapter -- 2. Toponyms -- 3. Elevations -- 4. Vegetated areas -- 5. Streams and water -- 6. Seascape -- 7. An areal perspective -- References -- Hawaiian storied place names -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sensuous nature of Hawaiian place names -- 3. Incorporative practices -- 4. Cartographic culture clash in post-contact/modern-colonial Hawai'i -- 5. Transmodern solutions.

6. Closing remarks -- References -- Between the trees and the tides -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Notions of space in a landscape of variability -- 2.1 Cosmological notions of sea space -- 2.2 Generational perspectives on nomenclature -- 2.3 Nomenclature conventions and interpretations -- 3. Sea ice, sea space -- 3.1 Horizontal units of the sea ice -- 3.2 Vertical units of the land-water interface -- 4. Sea water, sea space -- 5. Generational disparities of spatial nomenclature -- 6. Elastic spaces and dissolved edges -- 7. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Differing conceptualizations of the same landscape -- 1. Landscape as a linguistic domain -- 2. Elevation terms -- 3. Streamscapes -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- A case study in Ahtna Athabascan geographic knowledge -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ahtna geographic names -- 2.1 Place name structure -- 2.2 Place names content -- 2.3 Place name distribution -- 2.4 Geographic networks among Athabascans -- 3. Riverine directionals -- 4. Concluding remarks -- References -- Revitalizing place names through stories and songs -- 1. The land and people of the Kaltag area -- 2. Place names -- 3. Creating a sense of place -- 4. Education and technology -- 5. Conclusion -- References -- Language and landscape among the Tlingit -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Perception -- 3. Affordance -- 4. Practice -- 5. Biospiritual forces -- 6. Islands and refuges in Tlingit landscape and cognition -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Language, landscape and ethnoecology, reflections from northwestern Canada -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Unpacking "ethnoecology" -- 3. The people and the landscapes -- 3.1 Gitksan -- 3.2 Witsuwit'en -- 3.3 Kaska -- 4. Methods and approaches to landscape research -- 5. Results -- 5.1 Topographic terms -- 5.2 Water terms -- 5.3 Snow and ice terms -- 5.3 Snow and ice terms -- 5.4 Slides -- 5.5 Vegetation.

5.6 Features of the cultural landscape: Hunting, trapping, trails, camps and powerful places -- 5.7 Orientation and movement on the land -- 6. Discussion -- 7. Conclusions -- Sources of geographic terms in tables -- References -- Landscape embedded in language -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Place names as perception and description -- 3. Place names for place-possession -- 4. Place names as itineraries -- 5. Place names as history -- 6. Place names and making a living -- 7. Northern/Southern Athabaskan comparisons -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- Navajo landscape and its contexts -- 1. Cultural aspects of landscape -- 2. Landscape terms -- References -- Navigating regional landscapes with Jicarilla personal narrative -- 1. Mapping, navigating and oral tradition -- 2. Historical context -- 3. Reconstructing Jicarilla cognitive maps -- 3.1 Ancestral landscapes -- 3.2 Maps of personal narratives -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Ontology of landscape in language -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ontologies and language use -- 3. Foundational ontologies and grounding -- 4. Some questions and answers about ontologies -- 4.1 "Ontologies standardize vocabularies, but linguists are interested in understanding the differences, not eliminating them" -- 4.2 "Ontologies use formal logic, which is inadequate to capture meaning" -- 4.3 "Ontologies sound like a useful approach for some of my problems, but where and how do I start applying them?" -- 4.4 "Stating relations between words in a vocabulary is hard and foundational ontologies like DOLCE are difficult to understand" -- 4.5 "Ontologies may describe intended interpretations - but languages change" -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- The role of geospatial technologies for integrating landscape in language -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Use of GIS in landscape in language.

3. Use of GIS by indigenous peoples -- 4. Use of GIS to model landscape in language by the Cree -- 5. Examples of Cree language via GIS -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Classifying landscape character -- 1. Introduction -- 2. What is landscape? -- 3. Why classify landscapes? -- 4. Landscape classification -- 5. The New Zealand Landscape Classification -- 6. The importance of language for developing landscape classification -- 7. Conclusions and implications -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Perspectives on the ethical conduct of landscape in language research -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The discussion -- References -- Notes on contributors -- Index.