1 Hearing Loss: Conductive and Sensorineural Mark Chertoff and Dana Jacobson   LEARNING OBJECTIVES To examine the relation between the psychophysics of temporal resolution, frequency resolution, and speech perception in individuals with hearing loss with the underlying physiologic changes in the peripheral and central auditory system that results in hearing loss. Key Words. Hearing loss, temporal resolution, frequency resolution, speech perception, cochlea, cochlear nucleus, inferior colliculus, -- 2 Maturation of the Auditory System Lori J. Leibold and Lynne A. Werner   LEARNING OBJECTIVES Readers will be able to: Interpret information obtained from infants and children using psychophysical methods. Describe the different stages of human auditory development. Discuss the difficulties in applying adult models of hearing to the study of development. Discuss the clinical importance of characterizing typical auditory development. Key Words. Auditory development, primary auditory capacities, c -- 3 The Aging Auditory System Curtis Billings, Kelly Tremblay, and Jim Willott   LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understand the many definitions of presbycusis. Understand the projected rate of aging in society. Understand some of the aging effects on the peripheral and central auditory systems. Understand how animal and human research is used to better understand the biological changes that come with presbycusis. Understand the complexities involved in rehabilitating older adults with hearing loss. Key Words.

4 Physiological Mechanisms Assessed by Aural Acoustic Transfer Functions M. P. Feeney and D. H. Keefe   LEARNING OBJECTIVES The reader will: Be familiarized with the key elements of measuring acoustic immittance in the ear canal. Survey the application of traditional single-frequency tympanometry to the measurement of middle ear function. Examine efforts under way to translate wideband ATFs to clinical problems. Key Words. Aural acoustic transfer functions, admittance, impedance, energy reflecta -- 5 Otoacoustic Emissions - Mechanisms and Applications Christopher A. Shera and Carolina Abdala   Not every doctor can look into a mouse's ear without laughing. E. B. White, Stuart Little LEARNING OBJECTIVES Understand basic OAE types, how they are measured and applied, and the rationale for specific stimulus and recording parameters Understand OAE source types and how they have been distinguished experimentally Understand how different OAEs are generated, the kinds of information they carry, and -- 6 The Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) Robert Burkard and Manny Don   LEARNING OBJECTIVES The reader will be able to: Identify the various ABR peaks. Understand the various normative and pathologic subject factors that affect the ABR. List the various recording parameters that affect the ABR. Describe the effects of various stimulus parameters on ABR peak latencies, interwave intervals and amplitudes. Discuss the meaning of neural synchrony. Describe the underlying response-generating mechanism.

7 Physiological Mechanisms Underlying ASSRs Susan A. Small and Andrew Dimitrijevic   LEARNING OBJECTIVES The reader will be able to: Describe the characteristics of an auditory steady-state response (ASSR). Describe the technical aspects of recording ASSRs. Explain the physiologic mechanisms that underlie ASSRs. Explain how ASSRs are used to estimate air- and bone-conduction hearing thresholds. Describe infant-adult differences in air- and bone-conduction ASSRs. Identify new and future direction -- 8 Physiological Mechanisms Underlying MLRs and Cortical EPs Hillel Pratt and Guy Lightfoot   LEARNING OBJECTIVES Readers should be able to: Describe components of the middle latency and cortical evoked potentials. Describe the technical aspects of recording middle latency and cortical evoked potentials. Understand the generators of middle latency and cortical evoked potentials. Understand the perceptual processes associated with middle latency and cortical components. Recognize the translational -- 9 Fundamental Principles Underlying MRI and Functional MRI Deborah A. Hall and Dominik C. Wild   LEARNING OBJECTIVES The reader will: Become familiar with the basic principles of MRI and functional MRI. Understand how fMRI examinations are performed and the results interpreted. Understand the difficulties and limitations of auditory MRI and fMRI. Be able to describe several examples of current clinical applications. Appreciate why fMRI is not suited to establish diagnoses of specific illnesses,.