Cover -- Half-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Section 1 The basics -- Chapter 1 An introduction to the technology of imaging -- Introduction -- X-rays -- X-ray generation -- How X-rays produce an image -- X-ray interactions -- Detection of X-rays -- Film -- Computed radiology (CR) -- Digital radiology (DR) -- Fluoroscopy - image intensifier -- Advantages and limitations of plain X-ray -- Conventional tomography -- Contrast enhancing agents -- Barium studies -- Intravenous urography -- Angiography -- Radiation dose -- Ultrasound -- General principles -- Ultrasound transducers -- Image formation -- Attenuation -- Re.ection -- Tissue harmonics -- Image display -- Doppler ultrasound -- Ultrasound contrast agents -- Ultrasound artifacts -- Acoustic shadowing -- Acoustic enhancement -- Reverberation artifact -- Mirror image artifact -- "Ring down" artifact -- Advantages and limitations of ultrasound -- Computed tomography -- Basic principles -- Image reconstruction -- Window and level -- Spiral CT and pitch -- Multi-detector CT -- Advanced image reconstructions -- HRCT -- Volume averaging -- Beam hardening artifact -- Motion artifact -- Streak artifact -- Advantages and limitations of CT -- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -- Basic principles -- T1 and T2 weighting and proton density -- Inversion recovery (IR) sequences -- Turbo (fast) spin echo and echo-planar imaging -- Gradient recalled echo or gradient echo sequences -- Fat suppression -- Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) -- MR angiography -- Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticogram -- MR artifacts -- Ferromagnetic artifact -- Susceptibility artifact -- Motion artifact -- Chemical shift artifact -- MRI safety -- Advantages of MR -- Nuclear medicine -- Radiopharmaceuticals -- The gamma camera -- The gamma camera.

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) -- Positron emission tomography (PET) -- PETCT -- Advantages of nuclear medicine -- Chapter 2 How to interpret an image -- Plain radiography -- The chest radiograph -- The abdominal radiograph -- Plain .lms of the musculoskeletal system -- Contrast studies of the gastrointestinal tract -- Contrast studies of the kidney and urinary tract -- Computed tomography -- Magnetic resonance imaging -- Nuclear medicine imaging -- Section 2 The thorax -- Chapter 3 The chest wall and ribs -- Introduction -- Commonly used techniques for imaging the chest -- Chest radiography -- Computed tomography (CT) -- Anatomy of the chest -- The lungs and airways -- The mediastinum -- The esophagus -- The thymus -- The hilum -- The heart -- The aorta -- Pulmonary arteries -- The thoracic duct -- Ribs, sternum and vertebrae -- Muscles of the chest wall -- Nerve supply of the chest wall -- The diaphragm -- Chapter 4 The breast -- Embryology -- Breast anatomy -- Arterial supply -- Nerve supply -- Lymphatics -- Imaging -- Normal mammographic patterns -- Viewing a mammogram -- Ultrasound -- Magnetic resonance imaging (Fig. 4.9) -- Further reading -- Section 3 The abdomen and pelvis -- Chapter 5 The abdomen -- The gastrointestinal tract -- Esophagus -- Stomach -- Duodenum -- Jejunum and ileum -- Colon (including rectum) -- Anal canal -- Liver -- Anatomy -- Gall bladder -- Spleen -- Pancreas -- Peritoneum and peritoneal spaces -- The most clinically important recesses of peritoneum -- Subphrenic spaces -- Lesser sac -- Subhepatic space -- Pelvic recesses -- The most important ligaments and omenta -- Greater omentum -- Lesser omentum -- Falciform ligament -- Coronary ligaments -- Transverse mesocolon and small bowel mesentery -- Chapter 6 The renal tract, retroperitoneum and pelvis -- Imaging methods.

The renal tract and retroperitoneum -- The kidneys -- Gross anatomy of the kidneys -- Structure of the kidney -- Renal arteries, veins and lymphatic drainage -- Nerve supply -- Fascial spaces around the kidney -- Relations of the right kidney -- Relations of the left kidney -- Ureters -- Anatomy of the ureters -- Blood supply and lymphatic drainage of the ureters -- Nerve supply to the ureters -- Relations of the ureters -- Anatomical variants of the renal tract (Figs. 6.2(c), 6.5) -- Imaging the kidneys and ureters -- The suprarenal glands (Figs. 6.1, 6.7) -- The pelvic viscera -- The bladder and urethra -- The bladder -- The male urethra -- The female urethra -- The female genital tract -- The male genital tract -- The prostate gland -- The seminal vesicles and ejaculatory ducts -- The penis -- The female genital tract -- The labia majora -- The ovaries -- The posterior abdominal wall -- Muscles and fascia (Fig. 6.19) -- Muscles of the pelvis -- The blood and lymph supply to the abdomen and pelvis -- The abdominal aorta -- Imaging the aorta -- Inferior vena cava (IVC) (Figs. 6.2, 6.7) -- Imaging the inferior vena cava -- The pelvic vasculature -- Lymphatics of the abdomen and pelvis -- Imaging the abdominal lymphatic system -- Lumbosacral plexus -- Abdominal sympathetic trunk and sympathetic plexus -- Section 4 The head, neck, and vertebral column -- Chapter 7 The skull and brain -- Anatomical Overview -- Imaging overview -- MRI -- Advantages -- Disadvantages -- CT -- Advantages -- Disadvantages -- CT and MRI interpretation -- The skull (Fig. 7.4) -- The skull radiograph -- Skull radiograph interpretation -- The brainstem (Fig. 7.7) -- The cerebellum -- The cranial nerves -- The pituitary gland and perisellar region -- The motor and sensory tracts -- The cerebral hemispheres -- The limbic system -- The outer limbic gyrus (the larger arc).

The inner limbic gyrus (the smaller arc) -- The cerebral envelope (Fig. 7.27) -- The cerebral blood circulation -- Cerebral arteries -- The internal carotid artery -- Vascular territories -- Cerebral venous drainage -- Chapter 8 The eye -- Imaging considerations -- Anatomy of the bony orbit -- Soft tissues of the orbit -- The optic nerve -- The extraocular muscles -- The nerves of the orbit -- The lacrimal gland -- The orbital vasculature -- The optic pathways -- Section 4 The head, neck, and vertebral column -- Chapter 9 The ear -- The external ear -- The middle ear -- The inner ear -- The internal auditory canal -- The facial nerve -- The cerebellopontine angle cistern -- Chapter 10 The extracranial head and neck -- The facial skeleton and musculature -- The mandible and temporomandibular joint -- Nasal cavity -- The paranasal sinuses and ostiomeatal complex -- The oral cavity tongue and salivary glands -- The pharynx -- The fascial layers of the neck and the parapharyngeal space -- The larynx -- Thyroid and parathyroid glands -- The craniocervical lymphatic system -- The cervical vasculature -- Brachial plexus -- Section 4 The head, neck, and vertebral column -- Chapter 11 The vertebral column and spinal cord -- General overview -- Imaging methods -- Plain radiography -- Computed tomogaphy (CT) -- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -- The vertebral canal -- The intervertebral canal (the neural foramen) -- The ligaments of the vertebral column -- The craniocervical junction and cervical vertebral column -- The thoracic vertebral column -- The lumbar vertebral column -- The spinal cord -- The spinal nerves -- Meninges -- The blood supply to the spinal cord -- Chapter 12 The upper limb -- The shoulder and upper arm -- The shoulder girdle -- The scapula -- The clavicle -- The sternoclavicular joint -- The acromioclavicular joint -- The humerus.

The glenohumeral joint -- Musculature of the shoulder -- Bursae of the shoulder -- Imaging of the shoulder -- The axilla -- The musculature of the arm -- The forearm -- The radius -- The ulna -- The elbow joint -- Imaging of the elbow joint -- Musculature of the forearm -- The wrist and hand -- The hand -- Bone age -- The wrist -- Imaging of the wrist and hand -- Vascular supply of the upper limb -- Arterial supply -- Venous drainage -- Nerve supply of the upper limb -- Radial nerve -- Musculocutaneous nerve -- Median nerve -- Ulnar nerve -- Lymphatic drainage of the upper limb -- Section 5 The limbs -- Chapter 13 The lower limb -- Imaging methods -- Plain radiography -- Computed tomography (CT) -- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -- Ultrasound -- Nuclear medicine -- Angiography -- The bony pelvis and hip joint -- The sacroiliac joints -- The symphysis pubis -- The hip joint -- Imaging of the pelvis and hips -- Pelvimetry -- The thigh -- The femur -- The muscles of the thigh (Fig. 13.10) -- Anterior femoral muscles -- The adductor muscles -- The adductor muscles -- The hamstrings -- The knee joint -- Movements -- Imaging of the knee -- The lower leg -- The tibia and fibula (Fig. 13.17) -- The tibiofibular joints -- The muscles of the lower leg (Figs. 13.19, 13.20) -- Anterior compartment -- The lateral (peroneal) compartment -- The posterior compartment. -- The ankle joint -- The foot -- The talus -- The calcaneum -- The navicular -- The cuneiform bones -- The cuboid -- The metatarsal bones -- The phalanges -- The subtalar joint -- Imaging of the foot and ankle -- Vascular supply of the lower limb -- Arterial supply -- Venous drainage -- Nerve supply of the lower limb -- Chapter 14 Obstetric imaging -- Determination of gestational age -- The 20-week (Level 2) scan -- Head and spine -- Heart and thorax -- Abdomen -- Umbilical cord and placenta.

Section 6 Developmental anatomy.