Front Cover -- Physical Metallurgy -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- Synopsis of contents -- Preface to the fourth edition -- Preface to the third edition -- Preface to the first and second editions -- Chapter 1. Crystal structure of the metallic elements -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Factors governing a crystal structure -- 3. Crystal structure of metallic elements -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 2. Electron theory of metals -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Band formation -- 3. Simple-metal bands -- 4. Transition-metal bands -- 5. Bulk properties -- 6. Structural stability -- 7. Heat of formation -- 8. Band theory of magnetism -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 3. Structure and stability of alloys -- 1. Solid solubility -- 2. Terminology (types of solid solutions) -- 3. Energy of solid solutions and phase stability considerations -- 4. Factors governing solid solubility (Hume-Rothery rules for primary solid solutions) -- 5. The meaning of "electron concentration" -- 6. Termination of primary solid solubility -- 7. The atomic size in solid solutions -- 8. Intermediate phases with wide solid solubility -- 9. Lattice spacings in solid solutions -- 10. Defect structures -- 11. Order in solid solutions -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 4. Structure of intermetallic compounds and phases -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Chemical composition of the intermetallic phase and its compositional formula -- 3. Crystal structure of the intermetallic phase and its representation -- 4. Relationships between structures and structure "families" -- 5. Elements of systematic description of structure types. General remarks and references -- 6. Description of a few selected structural types -- 7. On some regularities in the intermetallic compound formation and structures.

8. Semi-empirical approaches to the prediction of (intermetallic) compound formation -- Appendix 1. Gazetteer, in alphabetic order, of intermetallic phases cited in this chapter -- References -- Appendix to chapter 4. The structure of quasicrystals -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Description of quasiperiodic structures -- 3. The structure of quasicrystals and approximants -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 5. Metallurgical thermodynamics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Metallurgical thermochemistry -- 3. Phase equilibrium in a one-component system -- 4. Chemical reaction equilibrium -- 5. Ellingham diagrams -- 6. The thermodynamic properties of solutions -- 7. The thermodynamic origin of phase diagrams -- 8. Reaction equilibrium involving solutions and the Gibbs phase rule -- 9. The thermodynamics of surfaces and interfaces -- 10. The measurement of thermodynamic activity -- Bibliography -- Chapter 6. Phase diagrams -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Binary phase diagrams -- 3. Ternary phase diagrams -- 4. Multicomponent phase diagrams -- 5. Thermodynamic calculation of ternary and multicomponent phase diagrams -- 6. Phase diagrams with potentials as axes -- 7. Experimental techniques of measuring phase diagrams -- 8. Bibliography -- 9. Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 7. Diffusion in metals and alloys -- 1. Macroscopic and microscopic theories of diffusion -- 2. Experimental methods -- 3. Self-diffusion in pure metals -- 4. Self- and solute-diffusion in dilute alloys -- 5. Diffusion in concentrated alloys -- 6. Electro- and thermomigration -- 7. Diffusion along short-circuits -- 8. Diffusion under non-equilibrium defect concentrations -- 9. Diffusion in amorphous metallic alloys -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 8. Solidification -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Heat flow in solidification -- 3. Thermodynamics of solidification -- 4. Nucleation.

5. Interface kinetics -- 6. Solidification of alloys with planar and nearly planar S-L interfaces -- 7. Cellular and dendritic solidification -- 8. Polyphase solidification -- 9. Fluid flow and casting structure -- 10. Solidification processes -- 11. Structure manipulation and new processes -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 9. Microstructure -- 1. Definition and outline -- 2. Elements of microstructure -- 3. Characterization of microstructure -- 4. Development of microstructure -- 5. Nanostructured materials -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 10. Qualitative and quantitative surface microscopy -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Optical microscopy -- 3. Scanning electron microscopy -- 4. Scanning tunneling, atomic force and related microscopies -- 5. Other special techniques of surface microscopy -- 6. Topochemical techniques and surface spectroscopy -- 7. Quantitative interpretation of microstructural geometry -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 11. Transmission electron microscopy -- 1. Introductory remarks -- 2. The instrument -- 3. Information from the diffraction pattern -- 4. Theory of diffraction contrast -- 5. Dislocations -- 6. Point-defect agglomerates, radiation damage -- 7. Precipitates -- 8. Structure of grain boundaries and interfaces -- 9. High-resolution TEM -- 10. Analytical electron microscopy -- Appendix. Elements of the kinematical diffraction theory -- References -- General bibliography for transmission electron microscopy -- Addendum -- Addendum References -- Chapter 12. X-ray and neutron scattering -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Scattering from real crystals -- 3. Bragg peaks and vicinity -- 4. Between Bragg peaks -- 5. Near the incident beam -- 6. Energy transfers -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 13. Interfacial and surface microchemistry.

1. Introduction - The chemistry of interfaces and physical metallurgy -- 2. Thermodynamic features of interfacial adsorption -- 3. Methods of measuring the microchemistry of interfaces -- 4. Theory of segregation processes -- 5. Segregation-related physicochemical properties -- 6. Metallurgical phenomena affected by segregation -- 7. Interfacial microchemistry and materials design theory -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 14. Oxidation, hot corrosion and protection of metallic materials -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Fundamentals of oxidation -- 3. Oxidation of alloys -- 4. Multi-component atmospheres -- 5. Hot-salt corrosion -- 6. Test and measurement methods -- 7. Life prediction modelling -- 8. Developments in coating technology -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 15. Diffusive phase transformations in the solid state -- 1. General considerations -- 2. Nucleation-and-growth transformations -- 3. Continuous transformations -- 4. Application of phase transformation theory to specific alloy systems -- 5. Problems in phase transformations -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 16. Phase transformations, nondiffusive -- 1. Overview -- 2. Martensitic transformations -- 3. Crystallographically similar transformations -- 4. Omega phase formation -- 5. Phase changes and charge density waves -- References -- General bibliography -- Chapter 17. Physical metallurgy of steels -- 1. Iron and steel -- 2. Alloys of iron -- 3. Transformation reactions -- 4. Deformation and recrystallization -- 5. Mechanical properties -- 6. Other physical properties -- 7. Solidification -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 18. Point defects -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Vacancy properties -- 3. Self-interstitials -- 4. Miscellaneous radiation effects -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 19. Metastable states of alloys -- 1. Introduction.

2. Formation of metallic glasses (amorphous alloys) -- 3. Practical methods of creating metastable phases and microstructures -- 4. Metallic glasses: structure and properties -- 5. Rapid-solidification-processed (RSP) and other metastable crystalline alloys -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 20. Dislocations -- 1. Elementary geometrical properties -- 2. Elastic fields of dislocations -- 3. Crystal lattice effects -- 4. Dislocation behavior at low homologous temperatures -- 5. Dislocation behavior at high homologous temperatures -- 6. Grain boundaries -- References -- Chapter 21. Mechanical properties of single-phase crystalline media: deformation at low temperatures -- 1. Overview -- 2. Kinematics of deformation -- 3. The mechanical threshold of deformation -- 4. Elements of thermally activated deformation -- 5. Selection of slip systems in specific crystal structures -- 6. Plastic deformation by shear transformations -- 7. Evolution of plastic resistance with strain: strain hardening -- 8. Deformation of polycrystalline solids -- 9. Phenomenological continuum plasticity -- 10. Deformation instabilities and strain localization -- 11. Contrasting crystal plasticity with that in amorphous media -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 22. Mechanical properties of single-phase crystalline media: Deformation in the presence of diffusion -- 1. Overview -- 2. Phenomenology of power-law creep -- 3. Creep in solid-solution alloys -- 4. Harper-Dorn creep -- 5. Static thermal recovery -- 6. Processes in steady-state creep in pure metals and class II solid-solution alloys -- 7. Diffusional flow -- 8. Grain-boundary sliding during creep -- 9. Superplasticity -- 10. Other creep related phenomena -- 11. Isomechanical scaling laws of inelastic behavior -- 12. Phenomenological descriptions of homogenized continuum deformation behavior -- References.

Further reading.