A new generation of post-reconstruction leaders -- The legal and political vision of t. thomas fortune, founder of the National Afro American League, 1880-1890 -- The National Afro American League's founding and law-related work, 1887-1895 -- The dispute between the "radicals" and the "accommodationists" within the Afro American Council : Reverdy Ransom and Booker T. Washington's contrasting visions of racial justice, 1895-1902 -- The Afro American Council's internal history, 1898-1908 -- "Should not a nation be just to all of her citizens?" : the Afro American Council's legal work, 1898-1908 -- "Unity in diversity" : the National Association of Colored Women' dual social welfare and civil rights agenda, 1895-1910 -- Asserting "manhood" rights : the Niagara Movement's first year, 1905 -- The beginnings of twentieth century protest in the Niagara Movement's experience, 1906-1909 -- Atlanta and New York City : founding the National Urban League -- Founding the NAACP : building the organization, 1908-1915 -- Building the NAACP's legal agenda, 1910-1915.