Particle Physics and the Universe : Proceedings of Nobel Symposium 109, Haga Slott, Enkoping, Sweden, 20-25 August 1998.
Title:
Particle Physics and the Universe : Proceedings of Nobel Symposium 109, Haga Slott, Enkoping, Sweden, 20-25 August 1998.
Author:
Bergström, L.
ISBN:
9789812810434
Personal Author:
Physical Description:
1 online resource (276 pages)
Series:
Proceedings of Nobel Symposium - Physics ; v.109
Proceedings of Nobel Symposium - Physics
Contents:
Contents -- Committees -- List of participants -- Preface -- Remembering David N. Schramm -- References -- Review of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and Primordial Abundances -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Physics of BBN -- 3. Measurement of primordial abundances -- 4. Deuterium in quasar spectra -- 5. Helium -- 6. 3He -- 7. Lithium -- 8. Beryllium -- 9. Are the different nuclei concordant or is there a crisis? -- 10. Non-standard BBN -- 11. Cosmological baryon density -- 12. The achievements of BBN -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Cosmology with Clusters of Galaxies -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Cluster dynamics and the mass-to-light ratio -- 4. Evolution of cluster abundance -- 5. Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Determination of Cosmological Parameters -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction and brief historical overview -- 2. Determination of Qm -- 3. Determination of QA -- 4. Determination of H0 -- 5. Determination of t0 -- 6. The cosmic microwave background radiation and cosmological parameters -- 7. Discussion and summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- The Acceleration of the Universe: Measurements of Cosmological Parameters from Type la Supernovae -- Abstract -- 1. Cosmological parameters from "standard candles" -- 2. Type la supernovae as "standard candles" -- 3. High-redshift supernova data -- 4. Fits to QM and QA -- 5. Systematic uncertainties and cross-checks -- 6. Results and error budget -- 7. Conclusions and discussion -- References -- Bias is Complicated -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ruling out simple biasing -- 3. Measuring r(k) -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Solar Neutrinos: an Overview -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Standard model predictions -- 3. Three solar neutrino problems -- 4. Uncertainties in the flux calculations.
5. How large an uncertainty does helioseismology suggest? -- 6. Fits without solar models -- 7. Neutrino oscillations -- 8. Discussion and conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Radiochemical Solar Neutrino Experiments and Implications -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. General considerations about radiochemical experiments -- 3. Homestake chlorine experiment -- 4. Gallium for pp-neutrino detection -- 5. Gallex -- 6. Sage -- 7. Interpretation and implications -- 8. Outlook -- References -- Evidence for Neutrino Oscillation Observed in Super-Kamiokande -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Super-Kamiokande detector -- 3. Atmospheric Neutrinos -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Neutrino Oscillations -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Atmospheric neutrinos -- 3. Solar neutrinos -- 4. Accelerator neutrinos -- 5. Neutrino mass-mixing patterns -- 6. Conclusions and prospects -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Primary Cosmic Rays Antiprotons and Atmospheric Neutrinos -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Primary spectra -- 3. Atmospheric neutrinos -- 4. Antiprotons -- Acknowledgement -- References -- High Energy Cosmic Neutrinos -- Abstracts -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Science goals -- 3. High energy neutrino observatories -- 4. Future arrays with kilometer dimensions -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- High Energy Cosmic-Rays and Neutrinos from Cosmological Gamma-Ray Burst Fireballs -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. GRB fireballs and afterglow observations -- 3. UHECR observations and their implications -- 4. UHECRs from GRB fireballs -- 5. GRB model predictions for UHECR experiments -- 6. High energy Neutrinos -- 7. Summary -- References -- Supernova Neutrinos -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Some important new themes in supernova theory.
3. Characteristics of neutrino radiation fields -- 4. Summary of supernova neutrino burst signature -- 5. Coda -- Acknowledgment -- References -- From the Cosmological Microwave Background to Large-Scale Structure -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. CMB: Status of the theory -- 3. Reconstruction of the primordial power spectrum from the CMB -- 4. Reconstruction of P(k) from large-scale structure data -- 6. Neutrinos and LSS -- 7. Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. R. H. Dicke initiates a project -- 3. The phone call and discovery -- 4. Rapid confirmation -- 5. Gamow theory -- 6. "Check Gamow Theory" -- 7. Remarks about Discovery -- 8. Epilogue -- References -- Extracting Cosmology from the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction: beyond the big bang theory -- 2. The cold dark matter model -- 3. Testing the CDM paradigm -- 4. What if the standard model is correct? -- 5. What if the standard model is wrong? -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Imaging the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect -- Abstract -- 1. The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect -- 2. Cosmology with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect -- 3. SZE observations -- 4. Results -- 5. Discussion and future plans -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Starlight in the Universe -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Counting galaxies -- 3. The brightness of the night sky -- 4. Modeling galaxy evolution -- 5. Star formation history -- 6. The stellar baryon budget -- 7. Two extreme scenarios -- 8. The mass density in black holes -- 9. The end of the "dark ages" -- 10. Reionization -- 11. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References.
The Development of Large Scale Cosmic Structure: A Theoretician's Approach -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Numerical cosmology -- 3. Some summary remarks -- References -- Inflationary Cosmology -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Brief history of inflation -- 3. Quantum fluctuations and density perturbations -- 4. From the Big Bang theory to the theory of eternal inflation -- 5. Recent versions of inflationary theory -- 6. Reheating after inflation -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- Quintessence and the Missing Energy Problem -- Abstract -- 1. The problem -- 2. The Solutions -- 3. Quintessential basics -- 4. Quintessential motivation -- 5. A quintessential solution to the cosmic coincidence problem -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays - an Enigma -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Detection methods for ultra high energy cosmic rays -- 3. The energy spectrum of high energy cosmic rays -- 4. The arrival direction distribution -- 5. Mass composition of UHECR -- 6. Theoretical interpretations -- 7. New projects -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Acceleration of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The cosmic ray spectrum -- 3. Cosmic ray acceleration -- 4. Zevatrons -- 5. Discussion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Particle Astrophysics with High Energy Photons -- Abstract -- 1. The relativistic universe -- 2. Detection technique -- 3. Galactic sources -- 4. Extragalactic sources -- 5. Intergalactic absorption -- 6. Gamma ray bursts -- 7. Neutralinos -- 8. Quantum gravity -- 9. Future prospects -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A complete inventory of matter and energy -- 3. Three dark matter problems -- 4. Concluding remarks -- Acknowledgments -- References.
Particle Candidates for Dark Matter -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Neutrinos -- 3. The lightest supersymmetric particle -- 4. Superheavy Relic Particles -- 5. Vacuum energy -- References -- Early-Universe Issues: Seeds of Perturbations and Birth of Dark Matter -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Inflation -- 3. Dark matter -- Acknowledgements -- References -- String Cosmology and the Beginning-of-Time Myth -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. (Super)String inspiration -- 3. Asymptotic past triviality -- 4. Inflation as a classical gravitational instability -- 5. The exit problem/conjecture -- 6. Observable relics and heating the pre-bang Universe -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- A Search for Galactic Dark Matter -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Gravitational microlensing -- 3. Limits on contribution of small mass objects -- 4. Contribution of high mass objects -- 5. Highlights toward the SMC -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Dark Matter Tomography -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The sources -- 3. Clusters of galaxies -- 4. Strong lensing in clusters -- 5. Statistical weak lensing -- 6. Weak lens mapping of clusters -- 7. Large scale dark matter -- 8. Cosmic complementarity -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Status of Models for Gamma Ray Bursts -- Abstract -- 1. Introduction -- 2. History -- 3. What is the trigger? -- 4. Energy from a black hole and debris torus? -- 5. The gamma-ray emission mechanism -- 6. Intrinsic time scales -- 7. Isotropic or beamed outflows? -- 8. Brief comments on the afterglows -- 9. Conclusions and prospects -- Acknowledgements -- References.
Abstract:
It is generally felt in the cosmology and particle astrophysics community that we have just entered an era which later can only be looked back upon as a golden age. Thanks to the rapid technical development, with powerful new telescopes and other detectors taken into operation at an impressive rate, and the accompanying advancement of theoretical ideas, the picture of the past, present and future Universe is getting ever clearer. Some of the most exciting new findings and expected future developments are discussed in this invaluable volume. The topics covered include the physics of the early Universe and ultra-high energy processes. Emphasis is also put on neutrino physics and astrophysics, with the evidence for non-zero neutrino masses emerging from both solar neutrinos and atmospheric neutrinos covered in great depth. Another field with interesting new results concerns the basic cosmological parameters, where both traditional methods and the potential of new ones, like deep supernova surveys and acoustic peak detections in the cosmic microwave background, are thoroughly discussed. Various aspects of the dark matter problem, such as gravitational lensing estimates of galaxy masses, cluster evolution and hot cluster electron distortions of the thermal microwave background spectrum, are also discussed, as are particle physics candidates of dark matter and methods to detect them. Cosmic rays of matter and antimatter are included as a topic, and so is the problem of the enigmatic dark energy of the vacuum. Contents: Cosmology with Clusters of Galaxies (N A Bahcall); Radiochemical Solar Neutrino Experiments and Implications (T A Kirsten); Evidence for Neutrino Oscillation Observed in Super-Kamiokande (Y Totsuka); High Energy Cosmic Neutrinos (S W Barwick); Discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background (D T Wilkinson & P J E Peebles); Starlight in the
Universe (P Madau); Acceleration of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (R D Blandford); Dark Matter and Dark Energy in the Universe (M S Turner); Dark Matter Tomography (J A Tyson); Status of Models for Gamma Ray Bursts (M J Rees); and other papers. Readership: High energy physicists, astrophysicists and cosmologists.
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Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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