Contents -- Contributors/Editors -- Foreword -- Part I. Modern Science in Historical Perspective -- 1. On the Origins of Modern Science Julio A. Gonzalo -- How did Christian belief provide a "cultural matrix" for the growth of science? -- References -- 2. The Post-Renaissance Revolution: The New Science Manuel M. Carreira -- Mythological and religious models -- Scientific-formal-geometrical models -- Models based on scientific causality -- (a) Mechanical model -- (b) A dual model: physical and geometric (Relativity) and quantum mechanical -- The subject and limits of science -- TIMELINE: SEVEN CENTURIES -- Mathematical symbols -- References -- 3. Frank Sherwood Taylor: The Man Who was Converted by Galileo John Beaumont -- The Background -- The Early Religious View -- Galileo Comes on the Scene -- Another Argument -- Frank Sherwood Taylor 's Positive Apologetics -- Defending the Catholic Faith -- Conclusion -- References -- 4. The Limits of Science Manuel Alfonseca -- The limits of mathematics -- The limits of physics -- The limits of biology -- The limits of technology -- References -- 5. On the Intelligibility of Quantum Mechanics Julio A. Gonzalo -- Before quantum mechanics -- Blackbody radiation and Planck 's constant -- Waves and particles -- Heisenberg 's uncertainty principle -- Concluding remarks -- References -- 6. Uncertainty, Incompleteness, Chance, and Design Fernando Sols -- Introduction -- Practical indeterminacy in classical physics: Newton and Poincaré -- Intrinsic indeterminacy in quantum physics: Heisenberg -- Uncertainty vs. Indeterminacy -- What or who determines the future? -- Gödel's theorems -- Randomness -- Popper's falsifiability criterion -- Chance in the interpretation of evolution biology -- Design and chance lie outside the scope of the scientific method -- References.

7. A Finite, Open and Contingent Universe Julio A. Gonzalo -- Letter to Physics Today -- Concluding remark -- References -- Part II. On the Origin and Development of Life -- 8. A Brief History of Evolutionary Thought Thomas B. Fowler and Daniel Kuebler -- I. Ancient speculation (to 1650) -- Ancient Greeks -- Early Evolutionary Speculation -- II. The Emergence of Modern Science (1650-1800) -- Early Fossil Discoverers: Extinct Species and the Implied Change in Nature -- Species Change -- Functionalism vs. Formalism -- Lamarckian Inheritable Change -- Paley and Design -- III. Laying the Foundations (1804 -1859) -- Lyell , Malthus and Blythe -- IV. Darwin 's triumphal entry and early battles over evolution (1859-1910) -- Darwin 's Critics -- Darwin and Heredity -- Continuity Or Discontinuity? -- V. Genetics and The "New Synthesis" Period: 1910-1960 -- Population Genetics -- The "New Synthesis" -- Dissidents -- VI. Modern Battles Over Evolution: 1960-present -- References -- 9. Life's Intelligible Design Manuel Alfonseca -- The scientific theory of evolution -- Research on Artificial Life -- How can God act in the world? -- What is life? -- What is man? -- References -- 10. What are the Contributions of Genetics to the Understanding of Life? Nicolas Jouve -- What is the chemical nature of the genes? -- In what consist the mutations? -- How do genes express themselves? -- How do we explain evolution? -- How do we explain speciation? -- How is explained the diversity of design in the living beings? -- How is the development of multicellular beings explained? -- How are genomes organized? -- Integrating role of Genetics in Modern Biology -- References -- 11. On the Human Genome in Contrast to the Great Apes Genome Nicolás Jouve -- Which species are part of the Hominides family? -- How to recognize the special value of human life.

What is the difference between man and the remaining hominids? -- How can we compare man and the remaining hominids? -- The human genome project -- The Genome of the Neanderthals -- Comparative Genomics among Hominids -- If in the DNA we are so similar … What makes us humans? -- References -- 12. On the Evolution Controversy Thomas B. Fowler -- Neo-Darwinian school -- Creationist school -- The Meta-Darwinian school -- Intelligent design school -- Philosophical/religious interpretations of evolution -- Young earth creationism -- Old earth creationism -- Intelligent design -- Theistic evolution -- Front-loaded naturalism -- Agnostic naturalism -- Atheistic naturalism -- Conclusion -- References -- 13. On the Riddle of Man's Origin Manuel M. Carreira -- 14. On Science, History and Free Will Lucía Guerra-Menéndez -- Science -- History -- Free will -- Reference -- Concluding Remarks.