WATER RECYCLING AND WATER MANAGEMENT -- WATER RECYCLING AND WATER MANAGEMENT -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- RUNOFF WATER HARVESTING AS A STRATEGY FOR INCREASING AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION ON HILLSLOPE AREAS IN ARID AND SEMIARID ZONES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- FACTORS AFFECTING RUNOFF WATER HARVESTING DESIGN -- METHODS OF RUNOFF WATER HARVESTING -- Microcatchment Water Harvesting -- Macrocatchment Water Harvesting -- a. 'Wadi'-Bed Cultivation -- b. Jessour -- c. Water-Spreading -- d. Large Bunds -- RESEARCH INTO WATER HARVESTING IN ARID AND SEMIARID ZONES -- a. Reducing Infiltration in Runoff Areas -- b. Increasing Infiltration in Basin Areas -- c. Reducing Evaporation and Increasing Water Storage in Basin Areas -- d. Optimum Runoff Area/Basin Area Ratio -- e. Effects of Soil Tillage -- f. Effects on Biometric and Physiological Plant Parameters -- g. Effects in Soil Fertility -- h. Economic Analysis -- RUNOFF WATER HARVESTING MODELLING -- a. Deterministic Modelling Approach -- b. Stochastic Modelling Approach -- c. Geographic Information System Integration -- d. Uncertainty Estimation -- AGROFORESTRY COMBINED WITH WATER HARVESTING -- CASE STUDY: AGROFORESTRY COMBINED WITH MICROCATCHMENT WATER HARVESTING IN THE SEMIARID ZONE OF CHILE -- FUTURE CHALLENGES IN RUNOFF WATER HARVESTING -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- WATER MANAGEMENT IN DROUGHT-PRONE AREA -- 1. BACKGROUND -- 2. THE CONCEPTS, TYPES AND INDICES OF DROUGHT -- Concept of Drought -- Types of Drought -- Indices of Drought -- Percent of Normal -- Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) -- Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) -- Crop Moisture Index (CMI) -- 3. WATER MANAGEMENT: APPROACHES AND STRATEGIES -- Basic Approaches -- Estimation of Demand and Supply of Water -- Demand Estimation -- Management Strategies of Water Resources -- Demand Side Management.

Different Approaches of Demand Management -- Description of Different Approaches -- Metering and Pricing -- Water Ordinance (by-Law) -- Operational and Maintenance Measures Directing Reduce Water Loss -- Water-Saving Irrigation Scheduling -- Alternate Furrow Irrigation -- Alternate Wetting and Drying of Rice Field -- Soil Drying During Ripening of Crop -- Deficit Irrigation -- Adopting Efficient Irrigation Method -- Water Loss Minimization -- Public Awareness Approaches -- Other Measures -- Supply Side Management -- Principal Options and Measures -- Measures of Supply Management -- Description of Different Measures -- Development of Groundwater Source -- Development of Surface Water Resource -- Surface Storage and Groundwater Recharge -- Rubber Dam - A New Prospect of Surface Water Storage/Harnessing -- Increasing Groundwater Storage through Artificial Recharge -- Methods of Groundwater Recharge -- Recharge from Natural Water Bodies -- Artificial Recharge -- Recharge from Crop-lands by Making Ridge -- Recharge through Canal Water Supply During Off-Irrigation Season -- Recharge through Land-Overflow/Infiltration Basin -- Recharge by Making Dam/Sluice Gates -- Recharge by Making Large Reservoir -- Recharge through Recharge Well -- Rainwater Harvesting -- Techniques of Rain-Water Harvesting -- Rain-Water Harvest from External Catchment -- In-Situ Rain-water Harvest -- Harvesting in Farm-Pond -- Sharing of International Rivers -- Network Rehabilitation -- Reallocation through Volumetric Constraints -- Import of Virtual Water -- Dual Water Supply System -- Cloud Seeding -- Use of Non-Conventional Water -- 4. WATER CONSERVATION MEASURES -- Concept of Water Conservation -- Principles or Approaches of Water Conservation -- Description of Different Approaches -- Reducing Evaporation -- Water surfaces: -- Dry-Land Farming -- Reducing Evapo-Transpiration.

Irrigation Efficiency -- Irrigation Scheduling -- Antitranspirants -- Natural Vegetation and Phreatophytes -- Seepage Control -- Reducing Quality Degradation -- Using Super-Absorbents -- Applications of Super-Absorbents -- 5. INCREASING WATER PRODUCTIVITY IN CROP PRODUCTION -- Background and Concept of Water Productivity -- Factors Affecting Water Productivity -- Techniques to Improve WP -- Deficit Supplemental Irrigation -- Proper Sequencing of Water Deficit -- Increasing Soil Fertility -- By Improving Assimilate Partitioning to Grain (By Increasing Harvest Index and Harvest Ratio) -- Wet-seeded or Direct-Seeded Rice -- Priming of Seed -- Application of Farmyard Manure / Organic Matter -- Other Management Factors -- Tillage -- 6. SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES IN WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT -- REFERENCES -- WATER MANAGEMENT IN SALT-AFFECTED AREAS -- 1. BACKGROUND -- 1.1. Extend of Salt Affected Soils -- 1.2. Classification of Saline Soils and Water -- 1.2.1. Classification of Saline Soils -- Classification Based on Development Mode -- Primary Salinity -- Secondary Salinity -- Classification Based on Sodium and SAR -- Saline Soil -- Sodic Soil -- Saline-Sodic Soil -- 1.2.2 Classification of Saline Water -- CAUSES OF SALINITY DEVELOPMENT -- 3. IMPACT OF SALINITY AND SODICITY -- 4. RELATIVE SALT TOLERANCE OF CROP -- Variety -- Growth Stage -- 5. USE OF SALINE WATER FOR CROP PRODUCTION -- 6. WATER MANAGEMENT IN SALINE SOILS -- 6.1. Management Strategies -- Supply Side Management -- Demand Side Management -- 6.2. Water Supply Management -- Innovation /Development of New Source Of Supply -- Harvesting Rainwater at Farm Pond or Canal -- Increase in Groundwater Reserve Through Surface Water Recharge by Recharge Well -- Mixing Saline Water with Fresh Water -- Alternate Irrigation of Saline and Fresh Water -- Irrigation with Saline Water at Less Sensitive Growth Stages.

Irrigation Management -- 6.3. Water Demand Management -- Saline Irrigation with Chemical Amendment -- Control of Upward Movement of Salts -- Increasing Leaching Capacity -- Growing Salt Tolerant Crop Variety -- Providing Optimum Soil Moisture at Sowing/Early Stage -- Irrigation at Alternate Furrows -- Drip Irrigation -- Sub-Surface Irrigation -- 6.4. Other Management Practices -- Row / Seed Bed Manipulation -- Optimum Fertilizer Application -- Control of Saline Water -- Removing Surface Salts -- 6.5. Pattern of Salinity and its Management: Case Study- Bangladesh -- 6.5.1. Land, Weather And Cropping Pattern -- 6.5.2. Farmers Management -- 6.5.3. Technological Intervention -- 6.5.4. Challenges Remaining -- 6.6. Challenges of Water Management in Saline Areas -- REFERENCES -- WATER DISINFECTION USING PERACETIC ACID -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. USE OF PERACETIC ACID AS DISINFECTANT -- 2.1. Peracetic Acid Characteristics and Commercialization -- 2.2. Peracetic Acid Mechanism of Disinfection and Kinetics -- 2.3. Wastewater Disinfection Using Peracetic Acid -- 2.3.1. Surface and Other Kinds of Water Disinfection -- 2.3.2. Primary Effluents from Wastewater Treatments -- 2.3.3. Secondary Effluents from Wastewater Treatments -- 2.3.4. Tertiary Effluents from Wastewater Treatments -- 2.4. The effect of peracetic acid and ultraviolet (UV) or Silver/Copper Combinations in Wastewater Disinfection -- 2.5. Other Uses of Peracetic Acid as Disinfectant in Water -- 2.6. Peracetic Acid Toxicity and Disinfection by-Products -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- WASTEWATER REUSE AND RECYCLING IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: THE CASE OF NIGERIA -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- WASTEWATER REUSE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: AN OVERVIEW -- THE CURRENT STATE OF WASTEWATER REUSE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA -- Zaria Water Recycling Plant -- The Durban Water Recycling Project (South Africa).

BENEFITS OF WASTEWATER REUSE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA -- PROSPECTS FOR IMPROVED WASTEWATER REUSE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA -- WATER RECYCLING IN NIGERIA -- Nigeria Water Resources Endowment -- Water Reuse and Recycling in Nigeria -- Rational for Wastewater Reuse in Nigeria -- INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR WASTEWATER REUSE IN NIGERIA -- PUBLIC PERCEPTION AND INTEREST IN WASTEWATER REUSE IN NIGERIA -- RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT SECTOR IN NIGERIA -- CONCLUSION: WATER RECYCLING AND THE MDGS IN NIGERIA -- REFERENCES -- THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUSTRALIA'S WATER RECYCLING -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- WATER REFORM -- URBAN WASTEWATER RECYCLING -- Dual Reticulation Systems -- Indirect Potable Recycling -- Industrial and Environmental Use -- Increasing Recycling -- Recycled Water in Rural and Regional Areas -- RECYCLED STORMWATER -- Irrigation, Industrial and Environmental Remediation Use -- Indirect Potable Stormwater Recycling -- DESALINATION -- FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES -- CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- REVIEW ON WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE YELLOW RIVER BASIN -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- DEVELOPMENT OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE YELLOW RIVER BASIN -- ANALYSIS: PENDING ON WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN THE YELLOW RIVER BASIN -- Fragmented Authoritarianism Hinders Sustainable Water Resources Management -- Water Pollution Calls for Basin Scaled Planning and Management -- Low Efficiency of Water Consumption Calls for Improvement of Water Saving Incentives and Actions -- Flexibilities Need to Be Improved for Water Allocation between Wet and Dry Years -- SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Reform and Innovation of Governance Structure -- Selection of Appropriate Instruments -- Enhanced Flexibilities for Water Allocation -- REFERENCES -- GROUNDWATER POLLUTION DUE TO AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES IN A SEMIARID AREA -- ABSTRACT.

INTRODUCTION.