Iceland's Networked Society: Revealing How the Global Affairs of the Viking Age Created New Forms of Social Complexity -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgements -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1: Examining the Process of Secondary State Development in Iceland -- 1.1 Defining a Secondary State -- 1.2 Only by Looking Far Will Things Become Clear: Situating the Icelandic Case within a Broader Viking Age Perspective -- 1.3 The Norse in Iceland -- 2: Environmental Constraints and the Development of an Autonomous Secondary State -- 2.1 Insular Communities and Island Environments: Autonomous Secondary State Formation -- 2.2 The Physical Landscape -- 2.3 Land Degradation and the Norse Colonization of Iceland -- 2.4 Land Productivity in Skagafjörður -- 2.5 Discussion -- 2.6 Conclusions on Iceland as an Autonomous Secondary State -- 3: The Norwegian World System: Hegemonic Colonial Secondary State Formation -- 3.1 Out on the Frontier: Models of Secondary State Formation in Colonial Settings -- 3.2 The Icelandic Sagas: Sources of Evidence, Sources of Contention -- 3.3 Is the Spade Mightier Than the Pen? -- 3.4 The Ability of Text to Reflect Reality -- 3.5 The Power of the Oral Tradition -- 3.6 The Social Reality of Medieval Iceland Represented in Text and Archaeological Remains -- 3.7 Conclusions on Iceland as a Hegemonic Colonial Secondary State -- 4: Examining the Economic Dimensions of Early Icelandic Society: A Proposed Methodology for Multiregional Settlement Pattern Analysis -- 4.1 Settlement Pattern Research in Iceland and Regional Network Analysis -- 4.2 Environmental Setting of Skagafjörður -- 4.3 Research Methodology -- 4.4 Intensive Survey of Hjaltadalur and Viðvíkursveit -- 4.5 Conclusion -- 5: The Archaeological Survey of Hjaltadalur and Viðvíkursveit.

5.1 Environmental Setting of the Research Area: Hjaltadalur and Viðvíkursveit -- 5.2 Research Design of the Hjaltadalur and Viðvíkursveit Survey -- 5.3 The Ás Territory -- 5.4 The Hof Territory -- 5.5 The Viðvík Territory -- 5.7 General Settlement Trends for Hjaltadalur and Viðvíkursveit -- 6: From Independent Traders to Dependent Tenants: Reflections of an Economic Landscape in Skagafjörður -- 6.1 Models for Understanding the Medieval Economy in Iceland -- 6.2 Results of the Skagafjörður Landscape Project -- 6.3 Organizing the Landscape: Evaluation of the Three Proposed Economic Models -- 6.4 Phase I: A Viking Age Economy, 870-1000/50 A.D. -- 6.5 Phase II: A Medieval Economy, 1050-1300 A.D. -- 6.6 Phases III and IV: A Secondary State Operating under an Ecclesiastical Economy -- 6.7 Conclusion -- 7: The Formation of a Synergistic Secondary State in the Norse Economic Territory -- 7.1 Synergistic Secondary State Formation -- 7.2 Archaeological Correlates and Application of the Synergistic Secondary State Model -- 7.3 The Social Structure of Scandinavia -- 7.4 Social Structure and Ecology of Pre-State Iceland -- 7.5 Social Structure and Ecology of Sturlunga Age Iceland and the Emergence of a State Society -- 7.6 Rethinking State Formation in Iceland -- Bibliography -- Index.