CONTENTS -- Foreword -- Chapter 1 - Renewable Energy Sources -- Promoting Renewable Energies and Energy Efficiency through the CDM Funding Options K.D. Patlitzianas, A. Flamos, H. Doukas, A.G. Kagiannas and J. Psarras -- 1. Introduction -- 2. CDM - Funding Options -- 2.1. Prototype Carbon Fund (PCF) -- 2.1. I . Objective -- 2.1.2. Progress so far -- 2.2. Certified Emission Reduction Unit Procurement Tender (CERUPT) -- 2.2. I . Objective -- 2.2.2. Progress so far -- 2.3. CDM Programme of Canada's CDM and JI Office -- 2.3.1. Objective -- 2.3.2. Progress so far -- 2.4. Rabobank Fund -- 2.4.1. Objective -- 2.4.2. Progress so far -- 2.5. Finland Programme -- 2.5. I . Objective -- 2.5.2. Progress so far -- 3. Conclusions -- References -- H2RES, Energy Planning Tool for Increasing the Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources in Island Energy Supply M. Lerer, N. Duic, L.M. Alves and M. G. Cawalho.. -- 1. Introduction -- 2. H2RESModel -- 3. Port0 Santo -- 3.1. Resources -- 3.2. Electricity Demand and Power System -- 3.3. Road Transport Sector -- 3.4. Energy Demand Expected Evolution for 2000-2010 -- 4. Becoming Renewable -- 4.1. Case I : Wind 30% Baseline Scenarium -- 4.2. Case 2: Wind 100% Scenarium -- 4.3. Case 3: FCWind 30% Scenarium -- 4.4. Case 4: FCWind 100% Scenarium -- 4.5. Case 5: FCSolar Wind 30% Scenarium -- 4.6. Case 6: FCSolar Wind 100% Scenarium -- 4.7. Case 7: FCWind Transport 30% Scenarium -- 4.8. Results for 30% Hourly Penetration: Cases 1,3,5 and 7 -- 4.9. Results for 100% Hourly Penetration: Cases 2 , 4 and 6 -- Acknowledgements -- References -- The Shape of Complete Renewable Energy Systems in the World H. Yamamoto and K. Yamaji -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Model of Glue 3.0 -- 2.1. Outline of the Model -- 2.2. Renewables in the Model -- 2.3. Sustainable Energy Scenario and Base Scenario -- 3. Simulation Results.

3.1. Primary Energy Supply -- 3.2. Electric Power Supply -- 3.3. Energy Trade -- 3.4. Energy Systems Costs -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Experimental Investigation and Modelling of Thermoelectric Generators for Use in Hydrogen Based Energy Systems J. Eriksen, R. Glocknev, V.A. Yartys, B. T. Hafsteinsson and T. I. Sidusson -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Objective -- 3. System of Reference -- 4. Configurations and Applications -- 5. Modelling -- 6. Theoretical Background -- 7. Method -- 8. Main Equations -- 9. Laboratory Experiments -- 10. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Intelligent Operation Management of Fuel Cells and Micro-Turbines Using Genetic Algorithms and Neural Networks A. M Azmy and I. Erlich -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Economic Models of the Selected DG Units -- 3. GA-Based Optimization Process -- 4. Results of the Optimization Process -- 5. Management Generalization Using ANN -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 2 - Biomass Energy -- Municipal Solid Waste Valorisation as Energy for Isolated Communities G. Tavares, Z. Zsigraiova, V. Semiao and MG. Cawalho -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Integrated Management of MSW -- 3. Problems of Isolated Communities -- 4. Thermal Treatment of MSW with Energy Recovery -- 5. Study Case - Cape Verde Islands -- 6. Alternative Scenarios -- 7. Discussion of Results -- 7.1. Scenario 1 -- 7.2. Scenario 2 -- 8. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Production of Sustainable Hydrogen Using Thermochemical Gasification of Biomass J. Andries, W. de Jong and H. Spliethoff.. -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Hydrogen from Thermochemical Gasification of Biomass -- 2.1. Pretreatment -- 2.2. Gasification -- 2.3. Gas Cleaning -- 2.4. Hydrogen Yield Maximization -- 2.5. Purification and Separation -- 2.6. Research Requirements -- 3. Projects -- 3.1. Sustainable HydrogenSENECU.

3.2. Production of Clean Hydrogen-RIch Synthesis GAS-CHRISGAS -- 4. Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Characterization of Kenaf Potential in Portugal as an Industrial and Energy Feedstock A.L. Fernando, MP. Duarte, J. Morais, A. Catroga, G. Serras, B. Mendes andJ.F.S. Oliveira -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and Methods -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Biomass Productivity -- 3.2. Biomass Quality -- 3.3. Potential Energy Production -- 3.4. Potential Pulp Production -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Implementation of Anaerobic Digestion Plants in Breweries - Difficulties and Benefits G. Pesta and R. Meyer-PittrofJ: -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Principles of Biological Wastewater Treatment -- 2.1. Aerobic Treatment with Anaerobic Stabilisation of Sludge -- 2.2. Anaerobic Treatment and Biogas Production -- 3. Characteristics and Use of Biogas -- 4. Anaerobic Digestion of Brewery's Wastewater -- 4.1. Characteristics of Brewery's Wastewater -- 4.2. Digestion Systems for Brewery's Wastewater -- 5. Integration of Thermal and Electric Energy -- 6. Specific Problems of Anaerobic Digestion in Breweries -- 6.1. Definition of Detergents and Disinfectants -- 6.2. Supervision of the Siogas Plant -- 6.3. Adjusting the pH- Value of the Hydrolysis Digester -- 6.4. Biological Cleaning of Extracted Air with Biological Filters -- 6.5. Thermical Utilisation of Extracted Air -- 6.6. Danger of Infection of the Brewery's Production Process by Anaerobic Bacteria -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Application of Biofuels to Compression Ignition Engines A. Kowalewicz -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Alcohols -- 1.1.1. Methanol -- 1.1.2. Ethanol -- 1.2. Vegetable Fuels -- 1.2.1. Raw Vegetable Fuels and their Blends with DF -- 1.2.2. Rape Oil Methyl Ester (RME) -- 2. A Novel Concept of an Ecological Engine.

3. Objectives of the Work -- 4. Engine Test Stand and Course of Investigation -- 5. Results and Discussion -- 5.1. Emissions -- 5.2. Brake Fuel Conversion Efjciency -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Kinetic Study of Froth Flotation for PET-PVC Separation E. Agante, T. Cawalho, F. Durao, A. Pinto and T. Mariano -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Experimental -- 2.1. samples -- 2.2. Equipment -- 2.3. Experiments -- 3. Results and Discussion -- Effect of Depressor Concentration -- Effect of Frother Concentration -- Effect of pH -- Effect of Feed Composition -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Use of Biomass in Small Direct Fired Systems C. Syred, W. Fick, N. Syred and A.J. Griffiths -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Hot Gas Clean-Up -- 2.1. Corrosion, Erosion and Deposition in Gas Turbines -- 2.2. Corrosion and Erosion Damage -- 2.3. Alkali and Heavy Metal Removal -- 3. Cyclone Gasification and Combustion -- 3.1. Separation Tests and Gasification Trials -- 3.2. Gasification Trials -- 3.3. Energy Balance -- 3.4. ElementaVProximate Analysis: Separation Performance -- 4. Cyclone Combustor -- 4.1. Combustor Design -- 4.2 Combustor Flow Characteristics -- 4 3 CFD Modelling -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Emissions Reduction by Co-Firing Biomass or Waste with Coal in a Pressurized Fluidised Bed Combustion Combined Cycle Power Plant Y. Huang, J. T. McMullan, D. McIlveen- Wright and S. McCahey -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Pfbc Power Plant -- 3. Fuels -- 4. Process Simulation -- 5. Results and Discussion -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Production of Biocoal from Cassava Stalk T. Puthikitakawiwong, R. Boonsu and 0. Joompha -- 1. Background and Objective -- 2. Biocoal Production -- 3. Result of Study -- 3.1. Carbonization Process -- 3.2. Briquetting Process -- 3.3. Binder to Charcoal ratio.

3.4. Comparison of Biocoal with Charcoal -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- A Comparison of Power Generation from Biomass in a Small CFBC Plant with Biomass Co-fired with Coal in a Large CFBC D.R. McIlveen- Wright, B. C. Williams and J. T. McMullan. -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Circulating Fluidised Bed Combustion Plants -- 3. Typical 1000 MWth Coal-Fired Circulating Fluidised Combustion (CFBC) Power Station -- 4. 80 MWth CFBC System -- 5. Simulation Results -- 5.1. Fuel Analysis -- 6. 1000 MWth System, Coal Only and Co-fired with 8% Biomass -- 6.1. Technical Results -- 6.2. Economic Results -- 7. 80 MWth System, 100% Wood -- 7.1. Technical Results -- 7.2. Economic Results -- 8. Comparisons -- 8.1. Efficiency -- 8.2. Specific Investment -- 8.3. Emissions -- 9. Electricity Generation Costs -- 10. Conclusions -- 10.1. Efficiency -- 10.2. C02 Emissions -- 10.3. Specific Investment -- 10.4. BESP -- 10.5. Summary -- References -- Characterization of Sweet, Fibre and Biomass Sorghum Potential in Portugal as an Industrial and Energy Feedstock A.L. Fernando, M.P. Duarte, J. Morais and J.F.S. Oliveira -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Materials and Methods -- 3. Results and Discussion -- 3.1. Biomass Productivity -- 3.2. Biomass Quality -- 3.3. Potential Energy Production -- 3.4. Potential Pulp Production -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 - Solar, Wind, Wave and Geothermal Energy -- Process Dynamics of Fossil Steam Power Plants Induced by the Integration of Transient Solar Heat V. Scherer, K. Roth and M Eck. -- 1. Introduction and Purpose -- 2. Process Simulation Software APROS -- 3. Parabolic Trough Collectors and Solar Irradiation -- 4. Reference Plant and Parabolic Trough Model -- 5. Integration of the Parabolic Trough Collectors and Power Plant Simulation -- 6 . Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References.

Directions for Renewable Energy in Canada's Smallest Province A. Tvivett.