Front Cover -- Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- List of Contributors -- Introduction -- IA: Solar Cells -- IA-1. Principles of Solar Cell Operation -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Electrical Characteristics -- 3. Optical Properties -- 4. Typical Solar Cell Structures -- IA-2. Semiconductor Materials and Modelling -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Semiconductor Band Structure -- 3. Carrier Statistics in Semiconductors -- 4. The Transport Equations -- 5. Carrier Mobility -- 6. Carrier Generation by Optical Absorption -- 7. Recombination -- 8. Radiation Damage -- 9. Heavy Doping Effects -- 10. Properties of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon -- Acknowledgements -- IA-3. Ideal Efficiencies -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Thermodynamic Efficiencies -- 3. Efficiencies in Terms of Energies -- 4. Efficiencies Using the Shockley Solar Cell Equation -- 5. General Comments on Efficiencies -- IB: Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells -- IB-1. Crystalline Silicon: Manufacture and Properties -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Characteristics of Silicon Wafers for Use in PV Manufacturing -- 3. Feedstock Silicon -- 4. Crystal-Preparation Methods -- 5. Shaping and Wafering -- IB-2. High-Efficiency Silicon Solar Cell Concepts -- 1. Introduction -- 2. High-Efficiency Laboratory Cells -- 3. Screen-Printed Cells -- 4. Laser-Processed Cells -- 5. HIT Cell -- 6. Rear-Contacted Cells -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- IB-3. Low-Cost Industrial Technologies for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Cell Processing -- 3. Industrial Solar Cell Technologies -- 4. Cost of Commercial Photovoltaic Modules -- IB-4. Thin Silicon Solar Cells -- 1. Introduction, Background, and Scope of Review -- 2. Light Trapping in Thin Silicon Solar Cells -- 3. Voltage Enhancements in Thin Silicon Solar Cells.

4. Silicon Deposition and Crystal Growth for Thin Solar Cells -- 5. Thin Silicon Solar Cells Based on Substrate Thinning -- 6. Summary of Device Results -- IC: Thin Film Technologies -- IC-1. Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon (a-Si:H) Layers -- 3. Hydrogenated Microcrystalline Silicon (µc-Si:H) Layers -- 4. Functioning of Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells with p-i-n and n-i-p Structures -- 5. Tandem and Multijunction Solar Cells -- 6. Module Production and Performance -- 7. Conclusions -- IC-2. CdTe Thin-Film PV Modules -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Steps for Making Thin-Film CdTe Solar Cells -- 3. Making of Integrated Modules -- 4. Production of CdTe Thin-Film Modules -- 5. The Product and Its Application -- 6. The Future -- IC-3. Cu(In,Ga)Se[sub(2)] Thin-Film Solar Cells -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Material Properties -- 3. Cell and Module Technology -- 4. Device Physics -- 5. Wide-Gap Chalcopyrites -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- IC-4. Progress in Chalcopyrite Compound Semiconductor Research for Photovoltaic Applications and Transfer of Results into Actual Solar Cell Production -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Research Directions -- 3. Industrialisation -- 4. Conclusions and Outlook -- ID: Space and Concentrator Cells -- ID-1. GaAs and High-Efficiency Space Cells -- 1. Historical Review of III-V Solar Cells -- 2. Single-Junction III-V Space Solar Cells -- 3. Multijunction Space Solar Cells -- Acknowledgements -- ID-2. High-Efficiency III-V Multijunction Solar Cells -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Special Aspects of III-V Multijunction Solar Cells -- 3. III-V Solar Cell Concepts -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- ID-3. High-Efficiency Back-Contact Silicon Solar Cells for One-Sun and Concentrator Applications -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Concentrator Applications of IBC Solar Cells.

3. Back-Contact Silicon Solar Cells -- 4. Modelling of Back-Contact Solar Cells -- 5. Perimeter and Edge Recombination -- 6. Manufacturing Process for Back-Contact Solar Cells -- 7. Stability of Back-Contact Cells -- 8. Toward 30% Efficiency Silicon Cells -- 9. How to Improve the Efficiency of Back-Contact Solar Cells -- 10. Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- IE: Dye-Sensitized and Organic Solar Cells -- IE-1. Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cells -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Photoelectrochemical Cells -- 3. Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells -- 4. Future Outlook -- IE-2. Organic Solar Cells -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Organic Electronic Materials -- 3. Principles of Device Operation -- 4. Optimising Solar Cell Performance -- 5. Production Issues -- 6. Conclusions -- IIA: Photovoltaic Systems -- IIA-1. The Role of Solar-Radiation Climatology in the Design of Photovoltaic Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Key Features of the Radiation Climatology in Various Parts of the World -- 3. Quantitative Processing of Solar Radiation for Photovoltaic Design -- 4. The Stochastic Generation of Solar-Radiation Data -- 5. Computing the Solar Geometry -- 6. The Estimation of Hourly Global and Diffuse Horizontal Irradiation -- 7. The Estimation of the All Sky Irradiation on Inclined Planes from Hourly Time Series of Horizontal Irradiation -- 8. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix: Solar Energy Data for Selected Sites -- IIA-2. Energy Production by a PV Array -- 1. Annual Energy Production -- 2. Peak Solar Hours: Concept, Definition, and Illustration -- 3. Nominal Array Power -- 4. Temperature Dependence of Array Power Output -- 5. Module Orientation -- 6. Statistical Analysis of the Energy Production -- 7. Mismatch Losses and Blocking/Bypass Diodes -- Acknowledgement -- IIA-3. Energy Balance in Stand-Alone Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Load Description.

3. Seasonal Energy Balance -- IIA-4. Review of System Design and Sizing Tools -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Stand-Alone PV Systems Sizing -- 3. Grid-Connected PV Systems -- 4. PV System Design and Sizing Tools -- IIB: Balance of System Components -- IIB-1. System Electronics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. DC to DC Power Conversion -- 3. DC to AC Power Conversion (Inversion) -- 4. Stand-Alone PV Systems -- 5. PV Systems Connected to the Local Electricity Utility -- 6. Available Products and Practical Considerations -- 7. Electromagnetic Compatibility -- IIB-2. Batteries in PV Systems -- 1. Introduction -- 2. What Is a Battery? -- 3. Why Use a Battery in PV Systems? -- 4. Battery Duty Cycle in PV Systems -- 5. The Battery as a 'Black Box' -- 6. The Battery as a Complex Electrochemical System -- 7. Types of Battery Used in PV Systems -- 8. Lead-Acid Batteries -- 9. Nickel-Cadmium Batteries -- 10. How Long Will the Battery Last in a PV System? -- 11. Selecting the Best Battery for a PV Application -- 12. Calculating Battery Size for a PV System -- 13. Looking After the Battery Properly -- 14. Summary and Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- IIC: Grid-Connected Systems -- IIC-1. Grid Connection of PV Generators: Technical and Regulatory Issues -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Principal Integration Issues -- 3. Inverter Structure and Operating Principles -- 4. Islanding -- 5. Regulatory Issues -- Acknowledgements -- IIC-2. Installation Guidelines: Construction -- 1. Roofs -- 2. Facades -- 3. Ground-Mounted Systems -- IIC-3. Installation Guidelines: Electrical -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Codes and Regulations -- 3. DC Ratings (Array Voltage and Current Maxima) -- 4. Device Ratings and Component Selection -- 5. Array Fault Protection -- 6. Earthing Arrangements -- 7. Protection by Design -- 8. Labelling -- IID: Space and Concentrator Systems -- IID-1. Concentrator Systems.

1. Objectives of PV Concentration -- 2. Physical Principles of PV Concentration -- 3. Description of a Typical Concentrator: Components and Operation -- 4. Classification of Concentrator Systems -- 5. Tracking-Control Strategies -- 6. Applications of C Systems -- 7. Rating and Specification of PV Systems -- 8. Energy Produced by a C System -- 9. The Future of Concentrators -- IID-2. Operation of Solar Cells in a Space Environment -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Space Missions and their Environments -- 3. Space Solar Cells -- 4. Small Power Systems -- 5. Large Power Systems -- IID-3. Calibration, Testing, and Monitoring of Space Solar Cells -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Calibration of Solar Cells -- 3. Testing of Space Solar Cells and Arrays -- 4. Monitoring of Space Solar Cells and Arrays -- Acknowledgements -- IIE: Case Studies -- IIE-1. Architectural Integration of Solar Cells -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Architectural Possibilities for PV Technology -- 3. Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPVs) -- 4. Aesthetics in PV Technology -- 5. Built Examples -- IIE-2. Solar Parks and Solar Farms -- 1. What Is a Solar Park? -- 2. Design Issues for Solar Parks -- 3. Solar Park Project Development Issues -- 4. Regulatory Issues for Solar Parks -- 5. The End Game -- Acknowledgements -- IIE-3. Performance, Reliability, and User Experience -- 1. Operational Performance Results -- 2. Trends in Long-Term Performance and Reliability -- 3. User Experience -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix. Specifications of Performance Database of IEA PVPS -- IIE-4. Solar-Powered Products -- 1. The Genesis of Solar-Powered Products -- 2. Stand-Alone Consumer Products -- 3. Solar Products for Grid Connection -- 4. Nonconsumer Products -- 5. Designing PV for Products -- 6. Solar Products of the Future -- Acknowledgements -- III: Testing, Monitoring, and Calibration.

III-1. Characterization and Diagnosis of Silicon Wafers, Ingots, and Solar Cells.