Advances in Sociophonetics -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC data -- Table of contents -- Introduction: Sociophonetic perspectives on language variation -- 1. Why this volume? -- 2. Setting the stage: Variationism and sociolinguistics -- 3. Patterns of sociophonetic variation -- 4. Problematic sociophonetics -- 5. Acknowledgments -- References -- Part I. Variation and sociolinguistics -- The sociophonetic orientation of the language learner -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Rejection of parental idiosyncrasy -- 2.1 The King of Prussia study -- 2.2 Milton Keynes -- 2.3 The future in Tok Pisin -- 2.4 The low back merger in Eastern Massachusetts -- 2.5 The change of apical to uvular /r/ in Montreal -- 2.6 Second vs. third generation in New York City -- 2.7 The effect of ethnicity on sound change in Philadelphia -- 3. Where ethnicity emerges -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- French liaison and the lexical repository -- 1. Introduction: Datum and exemplum approaches in the study of phonological variation -- 2. The distributional analysis of French liaison -- 3. Results -- 3.1 Distributional analysis of liaison types -- 3.2 Distributional analysis of liaison consonants -- 3.3 Distributional analysis of liaison types according to age and educational level -- 4. General discussion -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- Part II. Sources and functions of sociophonetic variation -- Derhoticisation in Scottish English: A sociophonetic journey -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Derhoticisation in Scottish English in the twentieth century -- 2. Derhoticisation in Scottish English in the 2000s -- 3. Social factors in Glaswegian derhoticisation -- 4. Scottish derhoticisation and the listener -- 4.1 The listener as analyst: Auditory phonetic representations of derhoticisation -- 4.2 The listener in the community: Evidence from speech perception.

5. The acoustic characteristics of derhoticising /r/ -- 6. Investigating derhoticisation using articulatory data -- 6.1 Derhoticisation and gestural timing -- 6.2 Tongue configuration and derhoticisation -- 6.3 Accessing derhoticisation? - Back to the listener -- 7. Discussion and reflection: The sociophonology of Scottish derhoticisation -- 7.1 Analytical representation of sociophonetic variation: The speaker-hearer triangle -- 7.2 Mental representation of sociophonetic variation: A symbolic relationship? -- 8. Conclusions -- References -- Where and what is (t,d)? A case study in taking a step back in order to advance sociophonetics -- 1. Introduction -- 2. (t,d) and Connected Speech Processes -- 2.1 Release characteristics -- 2.2 Lenition -- 2.2.1 Lenition patterns in word-final stops -- 2.2.2 Sociolinguistic variation in lenition -- 2.2.3 Contextual effects on full lenition -- 2.2.4 Co-occurring patterns of lenition -- 2.3 Glottalisation -- 2.4 Voicing assimilation -- 2.5 Place assimilation -- 2.6 Coalescence -- 3. Discussion -- 3.1 (t,d) and CSPs -- 3.2 Modelling variation in word-final stops -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- New parameters for the sociophonetic indexes: Evidence from the Tuscan varieties of Italian -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The sociophonetic indexes -- 3. The linguistic repertoire of Tuscany -- 4. The model and its parameters -- 5. Shape -- 5.1 Gorgia toscana -- 5.2 De-affrication of palatal affricates -- 5.3 Apocope -- 5.4 Rafforzamento fonosintattico -- 5.5 s-affrication -- 5.6 l-velarization -- 5.7 Oxytone infinitives -- 6. Size (or volume) -- 7. Thickness -- 8. Weight -- 9. Interactions among parameters -- 10. Discussion -- 11. Conclusion -- References -- Sound archives and linguistic variation: The case of the Phlegraean diphtongs -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sound archives for sociophonetic analysis.

3. Phlegraean diphthongs -- 4. The diphthongal variability: Data from the archive -- 5. Building sound archives to study linguistic variation -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Part III. What is (and what is not) a sociophonetic change -- Ejectives in English and German: Linguistic, sociophonetic, interactional, epiphenomenal? -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ejectives in English -- 2.1 Structural distribution -- 2.2 Sources and functions -- 3. Epiphenomenal ejectives and production mechanisms -- 4. English ejectives revisited -- 5. Discussion -- References -- Authors index -- Subject index.