Foundation Engineering for Expansive Soils.
Title:
Foundation Engineering for Expansive Soils.
Author:
Nelson, John D.
ISBN:
9781118417997
Personal Author:
Edition:
1st ed.
Physical Description:
1 online resource (414 pages)
Contents:
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Symbols -- List of Abbreviations -- Chapter 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Purpose -- 1.2 Organization -- 1.3 Terminology -- References -- Chapter 2 Nature of Expansive Soils -- 2.1 Microscale Aspects of Expansive Soil Behavior -- 2.1.1 The Clay Particle -- 2.1.1.1 Mineral Composition -- 2.1.1.2 Interlayer Bonding -- 2.1.1.3 Isomorphous Substitution and Surface Charges -- 2.1.2 Adsorbed Cations and Cation Hydration -- 2.1.3 The Clay Micelle -- 2.1.4 Crystalline and Osmotic Expansion -- 2.1.5 Effect of Mineralogy on Plasticity of Soil -- 2.1.6 Effect of Mineralogy on Expansion Potential -- 2.1.7 Effect of Type of Cation on Expansion Potential -- 2.2 Macroscale Aspects of Expansive Soil Behavior -- 2.2.1 Development of Natural Soil Deposits -- 2.2.2 Effect of Plasticity on Expansion Potential -- 2.2.3 Effect of Soil Structure, Water Content, and Density on Expansion Potential -- 2.3 Identification of Expansive Soils -- 2.3.1 Methods Based on Physical Properties -- 2.3.1.1 Methods Based on Plasticity -- 2.3.1.2 Free Swell Test -- 2.3.1.3 Potential Volume Change (PVC) -- 2.3.1.4 Expansion Index (EI) Test -- 2.3.1.5 Coefficient of Linear Extensibility (COLE) -- 2.3.1.6 Standard Absorption Moisture Content (SAMC) -- 2.3.2 Mineralogical Methods -- 2.3.3 Chemical Methods -- 2.3.3.1 Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) -- 2.3.3.2 Specific Surface Area (SSA) -- 2.3.3.3 Total Potassium (TP) -- 2.3.4 Comments on Identification Methods -- 2.4 Characteristics of Expansive Soil Profiles -- 2.4.1 Geographic Distribution of Expansive Soils -- 2.4.2 Expansive Soil Profiles -- 2.4.2.1 Welkom, South Africa -- 2.4.2.2 Maryland, Australia -- 2.4.2.3 Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada -- 2.4.2.4 Front Range Area of Colorado, USA -- 2.4.2.5 San Antonio, Texas, USA -- References.
Chapter 3 Site Investigation -- 3.1 Program of Exploration -- 3.1.1 Reconnaissance Investigation -- 3.1.2 Preliminary Investigation -- 3.1.3 Design-Level Investigation -- 3.1.3.1 Distribution of Borings -- 3.1.3.2 Depth of Exploration -- 3.1.3.3 Sampling Frequency and Depth -- 3.2 Forensic Investigation -- References -- Chapter 4 Soil Suction -- 4.1 Soil Suction Components -- 4.1.1 Matric Suction -- 4.1.2 Osmotic Suction -- 4.1.3 Total Suction -- 4.2 Soil Water Characteristic Curve -- 4.2.1 Mathematical Expressions for SWCC -- 4.2.2 Soil Water Characteristic Curves for Expansive Soils -- 4.2.3 Influence of Stress State on Soil Water Characteristic Relationships -- 4.2.4 Effect of Suction on Groundwater Profiles -- 4.3 Measurement of Matric Suction -- 4.3.1 Tensiometers -- 4.3.2 Axis Translation Technique -- 4.3.2.1 Pressure Plate Apparatus -- 4.3.2.2 Fredlund SWCC Device -- 4.3.3 Filter Paper Method for Matric Suction -- 4.3.3.1 Principle of Measurement -- 4.3.3.2 Calibration Curves -- 4.3.3.3 Filter Paper Hysteresis -- 4.3.3.4 Time Required to Reach Equilibrium -- 4.3.4 Thermal Conductivity Sensors -- 4.3.5 Electrical Resistance Sensors -- 4.4 Measurement of Osmotic Suction -- 4.4.1 Osmotic Tensiometers -- 4.4.2 Pore Fluid Extraction Technique -- 4.5 Measurement of Total Suction -- 4.5.1 Psychrometers -- 4.5.1.1 Thermocouple Psychrometers -- 4.5.1.2 Chilled Mirror Psychrometer -- 4.5.2 Filter Paper Method for Total Suction -- 4.5.2.1 Principle of Measurement -- 4.5.2.2 Calibration Curves -- 4.5.2.3 Time Required to Reach Equilibrium -- References -- Chapter 5 State of Stress and Constitutive Relationships -- 5.1 State of Stress and Stress State Variables -- 5.2 Stress-Volume Relationships -- 5.3 Stress-Water Relationships -- References -- Chapter 6 Oedometer Testing.
6.1 Consolidation-Swell and Constant Volume Tests -- 6.2 Correction of Oedometer Test Data -- 6.2.1 Correction for Oedometer Compressibility -- 6.2.2 Correction for Specimen Disturbance in the CV Test -- 6.2.3 Effect of the Corrections on Expansion Properties -- 6.3 Relationship Between CS and CV Swelling Pressures (the m Method) -- 6.4 Factors Influencing Oedometer Test Results -- 6.4.1 Initial Stress State Conditions -- 6.4.2 Soil Fatigue -- 6.4.3 Initial Consolidation of Sample -- 6.4.4 Time and Method of Inundation -- 6.4.5 Storage of Samples -- 6.4.6 Competency of Laboratory Personnel -- References -- Chapter 7 Water Migration in Expansive Soils -- 7.1 Water Flow in Unsaturated Soils -- 7.1.1 Darcy's Law for Unsaturated Soils -- 7.1.2 Water Mass Balance Equation -- 7.1.3 Vertical Seepage in Unsaturated Soil -- 7.1.4 Flow through Fractured Rocks and Bedding Planes -- 7.2 Depth and Degree of Wetting -- 7.2.1 Depth of Wetting -- 7.2.2 Degree of Wetting -- 7.2.3 Perched Water Tables in Layered Strata -- 7.2.4 Wetting Profiles -- 7.3 Determination of Final Water Content Profiles for Design -- 7.3.1 Hand Calculation of Final Water Contents for Design -- 7.3.2 Computer Modeling of Water Migration -- 7.4 Challenges in Water Migration Modeling for Expansive Soils -- References -- Chapter 8 Computation of Predicted Heave -- 8.1 Oedometer Methods -- 8.1.1 The Heave Equation -- 8.1.2 Computation of Free-Field Heave -- 8.1.3 Computation of Heave under an Applied Load -- 8.1.4 Computation of Design Heave -- 8.1.5 Discussion of Earlier Oedometer Methods Proposed to Compute Heave -- 8.1.5.1 Department of the Army (1983) -- 8.1.5.2 Fredlund (1983) -- 8.1.5.3 Nelson and Miller (1992) -- 8.1.6 Comments on the Heave Index -- 8.2 Soil Suction Methods -- 8.2.1 McKeen (1992) -- 8.2.2 Department of the Army (1983).
8.2.3 Hamberg and Nelson (1984) -- 8.2.4 Lytton (1994) -- 8.3 Empirical Methods -- 8.4 Progression of Heave with Time -- 8.4.1 Hyperbolic Equation -- 8.4.2 Use of Water Migration Modeling to Analyze Rate of Heave -- 8.5 Free-Field Surface Movement for Shrink-Swell Soils -- 8.6 Discussion of Heave Prediction -- References -- Chapter 9 General Considerations for Foundation and Floor Design -- 9.1 Risk and Life Cycle Costs -- 9.1.1 Classification of Expansion Potential -- 9.1.2 Risk Factor -- 9.2 Foundation Alternatives -- 9.3 Factors Influencing Design of Structures on Expansive Soils -- 9.3.1 Tolerable Foundation Movement -- 9.3.2 Design Life -- 9.3.3 Design Active Zone and Degree of Wetting -- 9.3.4 Site Grading -- 9.4 Remedial Measures -- References -- Chapter 10 Soil Treatment and Moisture Control -- 10.1 Overexcavation and Replacement -- 10.2 Prewetting Method -- 10.3 Chemical Admixtures -- 10.3.1 Lime Treatment -- 10.3.1.1 Type of Lime -- 10.3.1.2 Soil Factors -- 10.3.1.3 Ettringite Formation -- 10.3.1.4 Testing for Reactivity and Required Lime Content -- 10.3.1.5 Curing Conditions -- 10.3.1.6 Application Methods -- 10.3.2 Cement Treatment -- 10.3.3 Fly Ash Treatment -- 10.3.4 Chemical Injection -- 10.4 Moisture Control Alternatives -- 10.4.1 Moisture Barriers -- 10.4.1.1 Horizontal Moisture Barriers -- 10.4.1.2 Vertical Moisture Barriers -- 10.4.2 Subsurface Drains -- 10.4.3 Surface Grading and Drainage -- 10.5 Summary of Soil Treatment Methods -- References -- Chapter 11 Design Methods for Shallow Foundations -- 11.1 Spread Footing Foundations -- 11.1.1 Computation of Footing Heave -- 11.1.2 Spread Footing Design Examples -- 11.2 Stiffened Slab Foundations -- 11.2.1 Edge Heave and Center Heave -- 11.2.2 Differential Heave -- 11.3 Remedial Measures for Shallow Foundations -- 11.3.1 Footing Foundations.
11.3.2 Stiffened Slab-on-Grade -- 11.3.3 Other Methods -- References -- Chapter 12 Design Methods for Deep Foundations -- 12.1 Pier and Grade Beam Foundation -- 12.1.1 Design Methods -- 12.1.1.1 Rigid Pier Method -- 12.1.1.2 APEX Method -- APEX Field Equations -- The Boundary Conditions -- Development of Pier Heave -- Interface Stress -- Input Parameters for Pier Heave Computation -- Pier Design Charts -- 12.1.2 Load-Bearing Capacity -- 12.2 Patented Piers -- 12.2.1 Helical Piles -- 12.2.2 Micropiles -- 12.2.3 Push Piers -- 12.3 Deep Foundation Design Examples -- 12.3.1 Rigid Pier Design Example -- 12.3.2 APEX Design Example -- 12.3.3 Helical Pile Design Example -- 12.4 Remedial Measures for Deep Foundations -- 12.4.1 Pier and Grade Beam Foundation -- 12.4.2 Underpinning -- References -- Chapter 13 Floors and Exterior Flatwork -- 13.1 Slabs-on-Grade -- 13.2 Stiffened Slabs -- 13.3 Structural Floors -- 13.4 Exterior Slabs and Flatwork -- 13.5 Remediation Techniques -- 13.5.1 Structural Floor Systems -- 13.5.2 Moisture Control -- 13.5.3 Chemical Injection -- 13.5.4 Isolation of the Slab -- 13.5.5 Exterior Slabs -- References -- Chapter 14 Lateral Pressure on Earth Retaining Structures -- 14.1 Computation of Lateral Pressure from Expansive Soils -- 14.2 Testing for Measuring Lateral Swelling Pressure -- 14.3 Reduction of Lateral Swelling Pressure -- 14.4 Design for Lateral Earth Pressure -- References -- Index -- EULA.
Abstract:
Your guide to the design and construction of foundations on expansive soils Foundation Engineering for Expansive Soils fills a significant gap in the current literature by presenting coverage of the design and construction of foundations for expansive soils. Written by an expert author team with nearly 70 years of combined industry experience, this important new work is the only modern guide to the subject, describing proven methods for identifying and analyzing expansive soils and developing foundation designs appropriate for specific locations. Expansive soils are found worldwide and are the leading cause of damage to structural roads. The primary problem that arises with regard to expansive soils is that deformations are significantly greater than in non-expansive soils and the size and direction of the deformations are difficult to predict. Now, Foundation Engineering for Expansive Soils gives engineers and contractors coverage of this subject from a design perspective, rather than a theoretical one. Plus, they'll have access to case studies covering the design and construction of foundations on expansive salts from both commercial and residential projects. Provides a succinct introduction to the basics of expansive soils and their threats Includes information on both shallow and deep foundation design Profiles soil remediation techniques, backed-up with numerous case studies Covers the most commonly used laboratory tests and site investigation techniques used for establishing the physical properties of expansive soils If you're a practicing civil engineer, geotechnical engineer or contractor, geologist, structural engineer, or an upper-level undergraduate or graduate student of one of these disciplines, Foundation Engineering for Expansive Soils is a must-have addition to your library of resources.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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