Table of Contents -- 1. Preface -- 2. R. W. WOOD: FAKEBUSTER EXTRAORDINAIRE -- 3. Art Fakes and the Statue of Limitations -- 1. Statue of limitation in general. -- 2. Application to sales of fake art. -- 3. Evaluation -- 4. Determination of Authenticity of Engraved Scrimshaw -- INTRODUCTION -- LIDDY'S THEORY OF ENGRAVED SCRIMSHAW -- FAKESHAW -- MATERIAL -- TOOTH SURFACE -- TOOTH EXTREMITIES AND CAVITY -- ENGRAVING -- PIGMENTS -- STRAIN CRACKING -- TWO FRAUDULENT TEETH -- SOME FRAUDULENT TUSKS -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- Public Information Bulletin -- PHOTO CAPTIONS DETERMINATION OF AUTHENTICITY… RIDLEY -- REFERENCES -- AUTHORS BIO -- 5. SCIENTIFIC DETECTION OF PHILATELIC FORGERIES -- 6. Insurability of Art -- 7. DNA as a Security Marker -- A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO DNA -- DNA AS AN AUTHENTICATION MARK -- DNA TECHNOLOGIES RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM -- THE DEVELOPMENT OF DNA AUTHENTICATION MARKERS STABLE FOR 100 YEARS -- Design of Secure DNA Mark -- DNA Mark Construction -- Formulation of DNA Marks in Print Vehicles -- Accelerated Stability Testing -- Improving Detection Sensitivity -- THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIRECT READING NANOBARCODES BASED ON FLOURESCENT MICROBEADS AND PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY -- New Fluorescent Dyes and Phosphors -- Development of Nanobarcodes -- Synthesis and Assembly of Microbead Nanobarcodes Using DNA Templates -- Construction of Nanobarcodes Using Photolithography -- THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIRECT READING DNA MARKS AND HYBRID SYSTEMS -- 8. Authentication at a Small Museum: the Kindness of Strangers -- ABSTRACT -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- 9. ART IN TRANSIT: INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTATION OF FINE ART -- A Complex and Exotic World -- Defining Fine Arts -- Travel Plans -- Assessing the Risk-Can the Object Travel? -- The Condition Report -- Loan Agreement -- Object ID -- Additional Documents -- Packing -- Getting the Right Packer.

National Gallery of Art Guidelines -- Transit -- Fine Arts Shipping Companies -- Freight Forwarders -- Specialist Services -- Recovery of Stolen Fine Arts -- Exposure in Transit: Climate, Shock, and Vibration -- Policy Exclusions -- Eliminating Damage -- Couriers -- Worth the Effort -- Endnotes -- Reference -- Author's Note -- 10. The Use of Raman Spectroscopy in the Art World -- Introduction -- Application of Raman Microscopy to the Detection of Forgeries -- Egyptian Papyri Fakes -- Book of Frames -- Other Examples -- Conclusion -- References -- Figure 3 Raman Spectra -- 11. Fakes, Forgeries, and Experts (FFE) -- New Methods to Identify Forgeries in Philately -- 1. Mass-Spectrographic Examination -- 2. Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) Method -- 3. Infrared Radiation -- 4. Color Alterations of Stamps -- NOTE -- 12. Madame Curie -- Madame Curie -- 13. Non-Destructive Analysis of Artifacts by Using XRF, FTIR, and SEM/EDX -- Introduction -- Historic Review -- Application of X-ray Analysis and Infrared Spectrometry to Artifacts -- The New Instrument for XRF at the Academy of Fine Arts in Vienna -- Case Studies -- Identification of Pigments in Miniature Paintings -- Identification of Writing Materials in the Archives -- Provenance of Medieval Silver Coins -- Classification of Iridescent Glass Artifacts of Art Nouveau -- Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- List of Figures -- 14. The International Center for Art Intelligence (ICAI) -- TOWARD SYSTEMATIC AUTHENTICATION -- A SPECIFIC FOUNDATION TO MANAGE AUTHENICATION -- ELEMENTS NECESSARY FOR RELIABLE AUTHENTICATION -- PROMINENT RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS -- PROGRESS AS OF OCTOBER 1999 -- WEBSITE AND ORGANIZATION -- CONSULTANTS AND PERSONNEL -- 15. How Appraisers Deal with Authenticity -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. WHAT IS AN ORIGINAL? -- 3. WHO ARE THE EXPERTS?.

4. BUILT-IN OBSTACLES TO AUTHENTICATION -- 4.1 No Standards Exist -- 5. THE DECLINE OF THE EXPERT/DEALER -- 6. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS -- CHOOSING AN APPRAISER -- STANDARDS -- CONTENT -- PROCEDURE -- CURRENT MARKET VALUE -- 16. The Framing & Care of Original Works of Art on Paper -- NIA FRAMING POLICIES & RECOMMENDATIONS -- NIA AFTER-FRAMING PRESERVATION & RECOMMENDATIONS -- 1. Light -- 2. Heat -- 3. Humidity -- 4. Atmosphere Polluted with Industrial Gases -- 5. Old Houses and Seaside Areas -- 6. Cleaning Works Under Glass -- 7. Cleaning Works Under Plexiglas -- WARPING OF FRAMED PRINTS -- NIA RECOMMENDED HANDLING & STORAGE OF FRAMED ART -- 17. Fakery in Graphic Arts -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. PRINTING PROCESSES: GENERAL DESCRIPTION AND ERA OF USAGE -- 2.1 Relief or Letterpress Printing -- 2.2 Offset-Lithography -- 2.3 Rotogravure Printing -- 2.4 Lithography -- 2.5 Photogelatin or Collotype Printing -- 2.6 Screen Printing and Serigraphs -- 2.7 Electrostatic Printing -- 3. DEAD GIVEAWAYS FOR NEWLY PRINTED PIECES -- 3.1 Ink Stink -- 4. EVEN A BLIND MAN CAN TELL -- 4.1 Letterpress Images -- 4.2 Offset-Lithographic Printed Surfaces -- 4.3 Engraved or Intaglio Printing -- 4.4 Screen Printing -- 4.5 Rotogravure Prints -- 4.6 Photogelatin and Flexography -- 4.7 Electrostatic Printing -- 5. VISUAL DIFFERENCES IN PRINTED INK FILM BY PRINT PROCESS -- 5.1 Ink Film Differences between Offset-Lithography and Letterpress -- 5.2 Early Letterpress Ink Films -- 5.3 Letterpress Prints Made After 1851 -- 5.4 Paper and Ink Relationship on Letterpress Printed Work -- 6. IMPERFECTIONS, WHICH DISTINGUISH PRINTING PROCESSES -- 6.1 Scratches and Dings -- 6.2 Work-Ups in a Letterpress Print -- 6.3 Hairlines between Linotype Letters -- 6.4 Illustrations with Plate Routing Marks and Tack Marks -- 6.5 Toning or Scuff Marks on Offset-Lithography Prints.

6.6 Ghosting or Slipped Images -- 7. IDENTIFYING TYPESETTING METHODS AND PERIOD OF USAGE -- 7.1 Foundry Type (1450 - 1993) and Monotype (1877 - c. 1979) -- 7.2 Linotype (1886 - 1975) Faces Compared to Foundry Type -- 7.3 Phototypesetting (c. 1954-1985) Type Characteristics -- 7.4 Strike-on and Photo Headline Devices (1950s - c. 1975) -- 7.5 Computer-Generated Typesetting (1985-Present) -- 8. HALFTONE PICTURE REPRODUCTIONS -- 8.1 Print Image Differences between Offset and Letterpress Halftones -- 9. CONCLUSION -- 18. Optical Tricks Designed to Foil Counterfeiters -- First-line inspection -- Functional inks an patterns -- DOVIDs/ISIS -- 19. Using Raman Spectroscopy to Solve Crime: Inks, Questioned Documents and Fraud -- Introduction -- 1. Comparative Examination of Inks -- 2. Crossed Lines -- 3. Ageing of Inks and Documents -- What is Raman and How Can it Help? -- Experimental -- Results on Comparative Analysis of Black Ballpoint Inks -- Real Cases -- 1. Insurance Fraud -- 2. Obscene Letters -- 2. Armed Robbery -- 4. Authenticity of Contract -- Results on Crossed Lines -- Conclusions -- References -- 20. International Center for Art Intelligence (ICAI) -- International center for Art Intelligence (ICAI): Philatelic Fakes Forgeries and Experts (FFE) Roster 4/2000 -- CONSERVATION RELATED ORGANIZATIONS -- REGIONAL CONSERVATION ORGANIZATIONS -- CONSERVATION DEGREE PROGRAMS.