Social Dialectology -- Editorial page -- Title page -- LCC page -- Photo's Peter Trudgill -- Table of contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Note -- Pursuing the cascade model -- The mechanism of the cascade model -- Notes -- References -- Complementary approaches to the diffusion of standard features in a local community -- Introduction -- The normalisation process in Murcian Spanish -- Objectives -- Approaches to the diffusion of standard forms in Murcian Spanish -- A real-time study based on radio recordings -- An apparent-time study based on gravity models and quantitative sociolinguistics -- Conclusion -- Note -- References -- Systemic accommodation -- Notes -- References -- New dialect formation -- Population and dialect mixture -- The research -- The pronominal suffix -kum -- The 2nd person plural clitics in the input dialects -- Explanation: Markedness and simplification -- Area 502 -- References -- Variation and sound change in New Zealand English -- Introduction -- Individual internal variation in the ONZE data -- Individual internal variation in the near/square merger in NZE -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- An East Anglian in the South Atlantic? -- Tristan da Cunha, South Atlantic Ocean -- The status of 3rd person singular -s in English around the world -- 3rd person singular zero in Tristan da Cunha English (TdCE) -- Uncounted forms and analysis -- Inter-individual variation -- External factors -- Internal constraints -- Discussion -- Origins: Independent development or input legacy? -- Why did TdCE adopt non-marking? -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Sociolinguistics of immigration -- The Language Gap -- The Literacy Gap -- The Integration Gap -- Inverse Assimilation -- Social Typology -- Toward a sociolinguistics of immigration -- References -- Why fuude is not `food' and tschëgge is not `check'.

The actuation of language change -- The linguistic situation in Switzerland -- Lexical borrowing from English in the Swiss German dialects -- The youth movement in Switzerland between 1968 and 1984 -- Patroncini's lexicon of the Gassensprache (`the language of the streets') -- The `Gassensprache' as an anti-language -- Weak links and central network members: A complex of social networks -- Theoretical implications -- Notes -- References -- Parallel development and alternative restructuring -- Introduction -- Leveling to weren't in apparent time: A comparative perspective -- Ocracoke -- Harkers Island -- Smith Island -- Mainland Hyde County -- The British Fens -- Explaining weren't intensification -- Notes -- References -- Social and linguistic dimensions of phonological change -- Introduction -- The "classic'' variationist model -- Dialect contact frameworks -- Language ideology -- Fitting the pieces together -- Notes -- References -- Changing mental maps and morphology -- Introduction: Historical background -- Linguistic consequences (the problem) -- Variation in a Hungarian-American idiolect -- Earlier observations -- A cognitive linguist's view -- The study -- Subjects -- Methods -- Hypotheses -- Findings -- Discussion -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Exploring the importance of the outlier in sociolinguistic dialectology -- Introduction -- Fens outliers -- The restructuring of the past be system -- The diphthong in the mouth lexical set -- `Canadian Raising' in the price lexical set -- Variation (or lack of it) in the vowel of the bath lexical set -- Interdialectal variants of the strut lexical set -- Discussion -- Notes -- References -- When is a sound change? -- Introduction -- (th) fronting in Derby -- Data analysis -- Findings -- Discussion -- Notes -- References -- Dialect levelling and geographical diffusion in British English.

Introduction: Geographical diffusion vs. levelling -- British sociolinguistic dialectology and the concept of `dialect levelling' -- Regional dialect levelling in English vowels -- Dialect levelling in English vowels: Mutual accommodation or geographical diffusion? -- Consonants: Torchbearers of geographical diffusion? -- Regional dialect levelling and regional identities -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Social dimensions of syntactic variation -- Introduction -- Lone when clauses -- Explicatory lone when clauses -- Pivotal lone when clauses -- Social variation -- Narrative analysis -- Conclusions -- Notes -- Transcription conventions -- References -- Language variation in Greece -- Introduction -- Greek diglossia -- Regional variation -- Social variation -- Concluding remarks -- Notes -- References -- A Norwegian adult language game, anti-language or secret code -- Mandal, language games and Smoi -- The origin, development and spread of Smoi -- Special Mandal dialect features reflected in Smoi -- The coining of Smoi words -- Smoi's position in Mandal's cultural history -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Children and linguistic normativity -- Evaluative vocabulary -- Bases of evaluation -- Intelligibility -- Institutionalised norms -- Effects of literacy -- Personal experience -- Future perspectives -- Notes -- References -- The virtue of the vernacular -- Notes -- References -- The Nynorsk standard language and Norwegian dialect varieties -- Introduction -- The Norwegian language(s) -- The Nynorsk standard language -- The eastern dialects -- The optionality issue -- Vowels in stressed syllables -- Diphthongs -- Front rounded vowels -- Balance -- Consonants -- Single and double consonant -- Initial xw- clusters -- Loss of final r -- Verbal inflection -- The present tense of strong verbs -- Perfect participle of strong verbs.

Nominal inflection -- Pronouns -- First person singular -- Second person plural -- Third person -- Vocabulary -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- Peter Trudgill's publications -- Index -- The series IMPACT: STUDIES IN LANGUAGE AND SOCIETY.