Front Cover -- MIMO Wireless Communications -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Preface -- List of Abbreviations -- List of Symbols -- About the Authors -- Chapter 1 Introduction to multi-antenna communications -- 1.1 Brief history of array processing -- 1.2 Space-time wireless channels for multi-antenna systems -- 1.3 Exploiting multiple antennas in wireless systems -- 1.3.1 Diversity techniques -- 1.3.2 Multiplexing capability -- 1.4 Single-input multiple-output systems -- 1.4.1 Receive diversity via selection combining -- 1.4.2 Receive diversity via gain combining -- 1.4.3 Receive diversity via hybrid selection/gain combining -- 1.5 Multiple-input single-output systems -- 1.5.1 Switched multibeam antennas -- 1.5.2 Transmit diversity via matched beamforming -- 1.5.3 Null-steering and optimal beamforming -- 1.5.4 Transmit diversity via space-time coding -- 1.5.5 Indirect transmit diversity -- 1.6 Multiple-input multiple-output systems -- 1.6.1 MIMO with perfect transmit channel knowledge -- 1.6.2 MIMO without transmit channel knowledge -- 1.6.3 MIMO with partial transmit channel knowledge -- 1.7 Multiple antenna techniques in commercial wireless systems -- Chapter 2 Physical MIMO channel modeling -- 2.1 Multidimensional channel modeling -- 2.1.1 The double-directional channel impulse response -- 2.1.2 Multidimensional correlation functions and stationarity -- 2.1.3 Channel fading, K-factor and Doppler spectrum -- 2.1.4 Power delay and direction spectra -- 2.1.5 From double-directional propagation to MIMO channels -- 2.1.6 Statistical properties of the channel matrix -- 2.1.7 Discrete channel modeling: sampling theorem revisited -- 2.1.8 Physical versus analytical models -- 2.2 Electromagnetic models -- 2.2.1 Ray-based deterministic methods -- 2.2.2 Multi-polarized channels -- 2.3 Geometry-based models.

2.3.1 One-ring model -- 2.3.2 Two-ring model -- 2.3.3 Combined elliptical-ring model -- 2.3.4 Elliptical and circular models -- 2.3.5 Extension of geometry-based models to dual-polarized channels -- 2.4 Empirical models -- 2.4.1 Extended Saleh-Valenzuela model -- 2.4.2 Stanford University Interim channel models -- 2.4.3 COST models -- 2.5 Standardized models -- 2.5.1 IEEE 802.11 TGn models -- 2.5.2 IEEE 802.16d/e models -- 2.5.3 3GPP/3GPP2 spatial channel models -- 2.6 Antennas in MIMO systems -- 2.6.1 About antenna arrays -- 2.6.2 Mutual coupling -- Chapter 3 Analytical MIMO channel representations for system design -- 3.1 General representations of correlated MIMO channels -- 3.1.1 Rayleigh fading channels -- 3.1.2 Ricean fading channels -- 3.1.3 Dual-polarized channels -- 3.1.4 Double-Rayleigh fading model for keyhole channels -- 3.2 Simplified representations of Gaussian MIMO channels -- 3.2.1 The Kronecker model -- 3.2.2 Virtual channel representation -- 3.2.3 The eigenbeam model -- 3.3 Propagation-motivated MIMO metrics -- 3.3.1 Comparing models and correlation matrices -- 3.3.2 Characterizing the multipath richness -- 3.3.3 Measuring the non-stationarity of MIMO channels -- 3.4 Relationship between physical models and analytical representations -- 3.4.1 The Kronecker model paradox -- 3.4.2 Numerical examples -- 3.4.3 Comparison between analytical models: a system viewpoint -- Chapter 4 Mutual information and capacity of real-world random MIMO channels -- 4.1 Capacity of fading channels with perfect transmit channel knowledge -- 4.2 Ergodic capacity of i.i.d. Rayleigh fast fading channels with partial transmit channel knowledge -- 4.3 Mutual information and capacity of correlated Rayleigh channels with partial transmit channel knowledge -- 4.3.1 Mutual information with equal power allocation.

4.3.2 Ergodic capacity of correlated Rayleigh channels with partial transmit channel knowledge -- 4.4 Mutual information and capacity of Ricean channels with partial transmit channel knowledge -- 4.4.1 Mutual information with equal-power allocation -- 4.4.2 Ergodic capacity with partial transmit channel knowledge -- 4.5 Mutual information in some particular channels -- 4.5.1 Dual-polarized channels -- 4.5.2 Impact of antenna coupling on mutual information -- 4.6 Outage capacity and diversity-multiplexing trade-off in i.i.d. Rayleigh slow fading channels -- 4.6.1 Infinite SNR -- 4.6.2 Finite SNR -- 4.7 Outage capacity and diversity-multiplexing trade-off in semi-correlated Rayleigh and Ricean slow fading channels -- Chapter 5 Space-time coding over i.i.d. Rayleigh flat fading channels -- 5.1 Overview of a space-time encoder -- 5.2 System model -- 5.3 Error probability motivated design methodology -- 5.3.1 Fast fading MIMO channels: the distance-product criterion -- 5.3.2 Slow fading MIMO channels: the rank-determinant and rank-trace criteria -- 5.4 Information theory motivated design methodology -- 5.4.1 Fast fading MIMO channels: achieving the ergodic capacity -- 5.4.2 Slow fading MIMO channels: achieving the diversity-multiplexing trade-off -- 5.5 Space-time block coding -- 5.5.1 A general framework for linear STBCs -- 5.5.2 Spatial multiplexing/V-BLAST -- 5.5.3 D-BLAST -- 5.5.4 Orthogonal space-time block codes -- 5.5.5 Quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes -- 5.5.6 Linear dispersion codes -- 5.5.7 Algebraic space-time codes -- 5.5.8 Global performance comparison -- 5.6 Space-time trellis coding -- 5.6.1 Space-time trellis codes -- 5.6.2 Super-orthogonal space-time trellis codes -- Chapter 6 Error probability in real-world MIMO channels -- 6.1 A conditional pairwise error probability approach -- 6.1.1 Degenerate channels.

6.1.2 The spatial multiplexing example -- 6.2 Introduction to an average pairwise error probability approach -- 6.3 Average pairwise error probability in Rayleigh fading channels -- 6.3.1 High SNR regime -- 6.3.2 Medium SNR regime -- 6.3.3 Low SNR regime -- 6.3.4 Summary and examples -- 6.4 Average pairwise error probability in Ricean fading channels -- 6.4.1 High SNR regime -- 6.4.2 Medium SNR regime -- 6.4.3 Low SNR regime -- 6.4.4 Summary and examples -- 6.5 Average pairwise error probability in dual-polarized channels -- 6.5.1 Performance of orthogonal space-time block coding -- 6.5.2 Performance of spatial multiplexing -- 6.6 Perspectives on the space-time code design in realistic channels -- Chapter 7 Space-time coding over real-world MIMO channels with no transmit channel knowledge -- 7.1 Information theory motivated design methodology -- 7.2 Information theory motivated code design in slow fading channels -- 7.2.1 Universal code design criteria -- 7.2.2 MISO channels -- 7.2.3 Parallel channels -- 7.3 Error probability motivated design methodology -- 7.3.1 Designing robust codes -- 7.3.2 Average pairwise error probability in degenerate channels -- 7.3.3 Catastrophic codes and general design criteria -- 7.4 Error probability motivated code design in slow fading channels -- 7.4.1 Full-rank codes -- 7.4.2 Linear space-time block codes -- 7.4.3 Virtual channel representation based design criterion -- 7.4.4 Relationship with information theory motivated design -- 7.4.5 Practical code designs in slow fading channels -- 7.5 Error probability motivated code design in fast fading channels -- 7.5.1 'Product-wise' catastrophic codes -- 7.5.2 Practical code designs in fast fading channels -- Chapter 8 Space-time coding with partial transmit channel knowledge -- 8.1 Introduction to channel statistics based precoding techniques -- 8.1.1 A general framework.

8.1.2 Information theory motivated design methodologies -- 8.1.3 Error probability motivated design methodologies -- 8.2 Channel statistics based precoding for orthogonal space-time block coding -- 8.2.1 Optimal precoding in Kronecker Rayleigh fading channels -- 8.2.2 Optimal precoding in non-Kronecker Rayleigh channels -- 8.2.3 Optimal precoding in Ricean fading channels -- 8.3 Channel statistics based precoding for codes with non-identity error matrices -- 8.4 Channel statistics based precoding for spatial multiplexing -- 8.4.1 Beamforming -- 8.4.2 Constellation shaping -- 8.4.3 A non-linear approach to constellation shaping -- 8.4.4 Precoder design for suboptimal receivers -- 8.5 Introduction to quantized precoding and antenna selection techniques -- 8.6 Quantized precoding and antenna selection for dominant eigenmode transmissions -- 8.6.1 Selection criterion and codebook design in i.i.d. Rayleigh fading channels -- 8.6.2 Antenna selection and achievable diversity gain -- 8.6.3 How many feedback bits are required? -- 8.6.4 Selection criterion and codebook design in spatially correlated Rayleigh fading channels -- 8.7 Quantized precoding and antenna selection for orthogonal space-time block coding -- 8.7.1 Selection criterion and codebook design -- 8.7.2 Antenna subset selection and achievable diversity gain -- 8.8 Quantized precoding and antenna selection for spatial multiplexing -- 8.8.1 Selection criterion and codebook design -- 8.8.2 Impact of decoding strategy on error probability -- 8.8.3 Extension to multi-mode precoding -- 8.9 Information theory motivated quantized precoding -- Chapter 9 Space-time coding for frequency selective channels -- 9.1 Single-carrier vs. multi-carrier transmissions -- 9.1.1 Single-carrier transmissions -- 9.1.2 Multi-carrier transmissions: MIMO-OFDM.

9.1.3 A unified representation for single and multi-carrier transmissions.