PANAMA: POLITICS AND ECONOMICS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- U.S.-PANAMA TRADE PROMOTION AGREEMENT:POTENTIAL ECONOMY-WIDE AND SELECTEDSECTORAL EFFECTS* -- ABSTRACT -- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY -- About the Agreement -- Summary of Findings on Market Access -- Summary of Findings on Trade Facilitation and the Regulatory Environment -- INTRODUCTION -- Scope and Approach of the Report -- Overview of the U.S.-Panama TPA -- U.S.-Panama Trade Overview -- U.S. Exports -- U.S. Imports -- Trade Balance -- GOODS MARKET ACCESS AND SELECTED SECTORAL ANALYSISAND ASSESSMENT -- TPA Tariff Commitments by Tariff Line -- Sector-Specific Assessments: Effects on U.S. Imports, Exports, andProduction -- Analytical Framework -- Simulation Results -- Meat (Beef, Pork, and Poultry) -- Assessment -- Beef and Pork25 -- Poultry26 -- Impact on U.S. Exports -- Beef and Pork -- Poultry -- Impact on U.S. Imports -- Beef and Pork -- Poultry -- Views of Interested Parties -- Grain (Corn and Rice) -- Assessment -- Impact on U.S. Exports -- Corn -- Rice -- Views of Interested Parties -- Frozen Potato Products58 -- Assessment -- Impact on U.S. Exports -- Views of Interested Parties -- Certain Processed Foods64 -- Assessment -- Impact on U.S. Exports -- Views of Interested Parties -- Sugar and Sugar-Containing Products77 -- Assessment -- Impact on U.S. Exports -- Impact on U.S. Imports -- Views of Interested Parties -- Machinery, Electronics, and Transportation Equipment -- Passenger Cars and Light Trucks103 -- Assessment -- Impact on U.S. Exports -- Views of Interested Parties -- Certain Machinery122 -- Assessment -- Impact on U.S. Exports -- Views of Interested Parties -- IMPACT OF MARKET ACCESS PROVISIONS FOR SERVICES -- Summary of Assessments -- TPA Chapter 11 - Cross-Border Trade in Services -- Assessment -- Summary of Provisions.

BOX 3.1 PROFILE OF SERVICES INDUSTRIES IN PANAMAAND THE UNITED STATES -- Views of Interested Parties -- TPA Chapter 12 - Financial Services -- Assessment -- Financial Services - Except Insurance -- Insurance -- Summary of Provisions -- Views of Interested Parties -- TPA Chapter 13 - Telecommunications -- Assessment -- Summary of Provisions -- Views of Interested Parties -- BOX 3.2 COMPETITIVE CONDITIONS IN THE PANAMANIANTELECOMMUNICATION SERVICES MARKET -- Fixed-Line Services -- Mobile Services -- High-speed Internet Services -- Professional Services183 -- Assessment -- Summary of Provisions -- Views of Interested Parties -- Retail Sales -- Assessment -- Summary of Provisions -- Views of Interested Parties -- BOX 3.3 COMPETITIVE CONDITIONS IN PANAMA'S RETAILSERVICES MARKET -- IMPACT OF TRADE FACILITATION PROVISIONS -- Summary of Assessments -- TPA Chapter 5-Customs Administration and Trade Facilitation -- Assessment -- Summary of Provisions -- Views of Interested Parties -- TPA Chapter 6-Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures -- Assessment -- Summary of Provisions -- Views of Interested Parties -- TPA Chapter 7- Technical Barriers to Trade -- Assessment -- Summary of Provisions -- Views of Interested Parties -- TPA Chapter 14 - Electronic Commerce -- Assessment -- Summary of Provisions -- Views of Interested Parties -- IMPACT OF REGULATORY AND OTHER PROVISIONS -- Summary of Assessments -- TPA Chapter 8 - Trade Remedies -- Assessment -- Summary of Provisions -- Views of Interested Parties -- TPA Chapter 9 - Government Procurement -- Assessment -- BOX 5.1 GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT LAW IN PANAMA -- Summary of Provisions -- Views of Interested Parties -- BOX 5.2 FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN PANAMA -- TPA Chapter 10 - Investment -- Assessment -- Summary of Provisions -- Nonconforming Measures Related to Investment -- Views of Interested Parties.

TPA Chapter 15-Intellectual Property Rights -- Assessment -- BOX 5.3 RECENT CONDITIONS OF IPR PROTECTION IN PANAMA -- Copyrights and Trademarks -- Patents -- Summary of Provisions -- General Provisions -- Trademarks, Geographical Indications, and Domain Names -- Copyrights and Related Rights and Protection of Certain Satellite Signals -- Patents and Measures Related to Certain Regulated Products -- Enforcement -- Views of Interested Parties -- TPA Chapter 16-Labor331 -- Assessment -- BOX 5.4 LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS IN PANAMA -- Summary of Provisions -- Views of Interested Parties -- TPA Chapter 17 - Environment340 -- Assessment -- Summary of Provisions -- Views of Interested Parties -- TPA Chapter 18 - Transparency -- Assessment -- Summary of Provisions -- Views of Interested Parties -- TPA Chapter 20 - Dispute Settlement -- Assessment -- Summary of Provisions -- Views of Interested Parties -- LITERATURE REVIEW AND SUMMARY OF HEARINGTESTIMONY AND WRITTEN SUBMISSIONS -- Literature Review -- Summary of Hearing Testimony and Written Submissions -- The American Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Panama369 -- American Dehydrated Onion and Garlic Association370 -- Bumble Bee Foods, LLC371 -- Caterpillar, U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Association of American Chambers ofCommerce in Latin America, and the Latin America Trade Coalition372 -- The Chamber of Commerce, Industry, and Agriculture of Panama373 -- Council of the Americas374 -- International Intellectual Property Alliance375 -- National Association of Manufacturers376 -- National Corn Growers Association377 -- The National Pork Producers Council378 -- Sweetener Users Association379 -- United States Association of Importers of Textiles and Apparel380 -- The U.S. Grains Council381 -- U.S.-Panama Business Council382 -- APPENDIX AREQUEST LETTER FROM USTR -- APPENDIX BFEDERAL REGISTER NOTICE.

INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION[INVESTIGATION NO. TA-2104-025] -- U.S.-Panama Trade Promotion Agreement: Potential Economy-Wide andSelected Sectoral Effects -- SUMMARY -- Dates -- Addresses -- For Further Information Contact: -- Supplementary Information -- Public Hearing -- Written Submissions -- DEPARTMENT OF LABOR -- Employment and Training Administration -- Workforce Investment Act (WIA) Section 167-The National FarmworkerJobs Program (NFJP) -- SUMMARY -- Dates -- Addresses -- For Further Information Contact: -- SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION -- I. Background -- II. Limitations on Uses of Section 167 Funds -- III. PY 2007 Allocation Formula -- IV. State Combinations -- APPENDIX CHEARING PARTICIPANTS -- Calendar of Public Hearing -- Organization and Witness: -- APPENDIX DU.S.-PANAMA TPA: SUMMARY OF SELECTED CHAPTERS -- TPA Chapter 1 - Initial Provisions -- TPA Chapter 2 - General Definitions -- TPA Chapter 19 - Administration of the Agreement and Trade CapacityBuilding -- TPA Chapter 21 - Exceptions -- TPA Chapter 22 - Final Provisions -- APPENDIX EPANAMA: ECONOMIC PROFILE AND TABLES -- Economic Overview -- APPENDIX FTECHNICAL APPENDIX -- MODEL FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF ELIMINATING TARIFFS -- Introduction -- Derivation of Imports and Net Welfare Effects -- APPENDIX GGENERAL EFFECTS OF TRADE AGREEMENTS -- General Effects of Trade Agreements -- Static Effects: Trade Creation and Trade Diversion -- Static Effects: Terms of Trade -- Nonquantifiable Effects -- APPENDIX HU.S. SUGAR POLICY -- U.S. Sugar Policy -- END NOTES -- THE PROPOSED U.S.-PANAMA FREE TRADEAGREEMENT* -- SUMMARY -- THE PROPOSED U.S.-PANAMA FREE TRADE AGREEMENT -- PANAMA'S CANAL AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS WITH THEUNITED STATES -- Early U.S.-Panama Economic Relations -- The Canal and U.S. Trade Policy -- PANAMANIAN TRADE RELATIONS -- Structure and Direction of Panamanian Trade.

The Colón Free Zone -- U.S.-Panama Merchandise Trade -- U.S. Foreign Direct Investment -- SUMMARY OF TRADE NEGOTIATIONS AND THE PROPOSEDU.S.-PANAMA FTA20 -- Market Access -- Agricultural Trade -- Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards (SPS) -- Textiles and Apparel -- Government Procurement -- Investment -- Services -- Intellectual Property Rights -- Pharmaceutical Issues -- Labor and Environment -- Labor Issues -- Panama's Labor Conditions -- Environmental Issues -- Trade Capacity Building -- OUTLOOK -- APPENDIX 1. CHRONOLOGY OF U.S.-PANAMA FTA -- APPENDIX 2. PANAMA: SELECTED ECONOMIC INDICATORS -- APPENDIX 3. U.S.-PANAMA TARIFF RATES FOR SELECTEDPRODUCTS (% OF TOTAL DOLLAR VALUE) -- END NOTES -- PANAMA: POLITICAL AND ECONOMICCONDITIONS AND U.S. RELATIONS* -- SUMMARY -- MOST RECENT DEVELOPMENTS -- POLITICAL CONDITIONS -- From the Endara to the Moscoso Administration -- Endara Government (1989-1994) -- Pérez Balladares Government (1994-1999) -- Moscoso Government (1999-2004) -- Torrijos Government (2004-2009) -- May 2009 Elections -- Human Rights -- ECONOMIC CONDITIONS -- U.S. RELATIONS -- Background on the 1989 U.S. Military Intervention -- Overview of Current U.S.-Panamanian Relations -- Status of Manuel Noriega -- Drug Trafficking and Money Laundering -- U.S. Trade Relations and a Potential Free Trade Agreement -- Operation and Security of the Panama Canal -- Historical Background and the Panama Canal Treaties -- Canal Transition and Current Status -- Canal Expansion Project -- Privatization of Two Panamanian Ports and the China Issue -- Contamination of Firing Ranges and San Jose Island -- Former U.S. Military Presence in Panama -- Former Role and Presence of U.S. Troops -- Failed Negotiations -- U.S. Congressional Views on U.S. Military Presence -- Panamanian Views on U.S. Military Presence -- END NOTES -- INDEX.