The Role of Fluids in Crustal Processes -- Copyright -- Studies in Geophysics -- PREFACE -- Contents -- OVERVIEW AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- CONSERVATION EQUATIONS -- Physical Parameters -- Mineral-Fluid Reactions -- COUPLING -- DISCUSSION: GEOLOGIC PHENOMENA -- DRIVING FORCES -- Topographic Relief -- Tectonic Dilation and Compression -- Diagenesis -- Heat -- Source of Fluids -- RECOMMENDED RESEARCH -- 1. Field Studies -- 2. Fractured Rocks -- 3. Permeability -- 4. Low-Permeability Rocks -- 5. Chemical Reactions -- 6. Pore Fluids in Active Tectonic Areas -- 7. Crustal Deformation -- 8. Mathematical Analysis -- References -- BACKGROUND -- 1 Mass and Energy Transport in an Deforming Earth's Crust -- INTRODUCTION -- CONSERVATION EQUATIONS -- Darcy's Law -- Flow Equation -- Dispersion-Diffusion-Advection -- Heat Transport -- Stress and Strain -- Mineral-Fluid Reactions -- COUPLING -- DISCUSSION: GEOLOGIC PHENOMENA -- HOW PERMEABLE IS THE CRUST? -- MECHANISMS THAT CREATE HIGH PORE PRESSURE -- Topographic Relief -- Tectonic Dilation and Compression -- Diagenesis -- Geothermal Systems -- Source of Fluids -- SUMMARY -- References -- 2 Pore Fluid Pressure Near Magma Chambers -- INTRODUCTION -- PRESSURE AT DEPTH -- CHANGE IN FLUID PRESSURE -- FLUIDS IN ROCKS -- FAILURE CRITERIA -- VOLUME CHANGE CAUSED BY FAILURE -- ENERGY REQUIRED FOR FRACTURE -- ADVECTION AND PORE PRESSURE -- SUMMARY -- References -- 3 Evolution and Style of Fracture Permeability in Intrusion-Centered Hydrothermal Systems -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Geological Setting and Environments -- NATURE OF SECONDARY POROSITY IN INTRUSION-CENTERED SYSTEMS -- ROLE OF MAGMATIC PROCESSES IN FORMATION OF JOINTS -- NATURE OF JOINTS AND FRACTURE SYSTEMS -- Joint and Fracture Orientations -- Alteration, Succession, and Distribution of Altered Fractures -- SOURCE OF WATER.

Fluid Inclusion Data -- Data from Isotopes -- NATURE AND EVOLUTION OF FRACTURE-RELATED PERMEABILITY -- SYNTHESIS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- 4 Fluid Dynamics During Progressive Regional Metamorphism -- INTRODUCTION -- FLUID-ROCK RATIOS AND FLUID FLUX -- FLUID FLOW AT MID-TO LOWER-CRUSTAL LEVELS -- FLOW MECHANISM WHERE FLUID PRESSURE EQUALS LITHOSTATIC -- CHANNELIZATION OF FLUID FLOW -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- 5 Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Constraints On the Deep Circulation of Surface Waters Into Zones of Hydrothermal Metamorphism… -- INTRODUCTION -- OXYGEN ISOTOPE KINETICS IN THE QUARTZ-FELDSPAR SYSTEM -- MAJOR FOSSIL METEORIC HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA -- Cordilleran Batholiths of Southern British Columbia -- Meteoric Hydrothermal Effects of Eocene Magmatism, Southern Idaho Batholith -- Miocene Meteoric Hydrothermal Systems, Western Cascade Range, Oregon -- Other Localities -- HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS ASSOCIATED WITH LAYERED GABBRO BODIES -- Mineralogical Alteration Effects in 18O-Depleted Layered Gabbros -- Contrasting Effects in Gabbros and Granites -- LOW-18O BASALTIC AND RHYOLITIC MAGMAS -- Low-18O Magmas Produced During Caldera Collapse, Yellowstone Volcanic Field -- Low-18O Basaltic and Rhyolitic Magmas in Iceland -- Seychelles Batholith, Indian Ocean -- Origin of Low-18O Granitic Magrnas (δ18O < +6) -- Emplacement Into an Rift-Zone Tectonic Setting -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- 6 Hydrothermal Systems Associated with Regional Metamorphism and Crustal Anatexis: Examples from… -- INTRODUCTION -- METAMORPHISM IN THE PYRENEES -- Hercynian Basement of the Pyrenees -- Subdivision of the Hercynian Crust Into Three Structural Levels -- Metamorphism and Anatexis -- OXYGEN ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS -- Zone 1 -- Zone 2 -- Zone 3 -- Interpretation of Zone 1 and Zone 2 Oxygen Isotope Systematics.

Interpretation of Zone 3 Oxygen Isotope Data -- HYDROGEN ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS -- STRONTIUM ISOTOPE SYSTEMATICS -- IMPLICATIONS FOR FLUID TRANSPORT DURING METAMORPHISM -- Timing of Infiltration -- Scale of Infiltration -- Relation of Fluid Transport to Metamorphism and Anatexis -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- 7 Time-Dependent Hydraulics of the Earth's Crust -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- TIME DEPENDENCE OF POROSITY AND PERMEABILITY -- POROSITY REDUCTION WITH TIME -- Case 1 -- Case 2 -- RATES AND MAGNITUDES OF PORE VOLUME STRAIN AND PORE PRESSURE BUILD-UP -- GEOLOGICAL DURATION -- WATER REPLENISHED BY SUBDUCTION -- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- 8 COCORP and Fluids in the Crust -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- STRONG REFLECTORS IN THE MID-CRUST -- THE REFLECTIVE CRUST -- A SYNTHESIS OF INFORMATION ON CRUSTAL STRUCTURE, TECTONICS, AND FLUIDS IN THE CRUST -- Coal -- Brines -- Hydrocarbons -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- 9 Smoluchowski's Dilemma Revisited: an Note On the Fluid Pressure History of the Central Appalachian Fold-Thrust Belt -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- CORRELATION OF CROSS-FOLD JOINTING ACROSS THE CENTRAL APPALACHIAN FORELAND FOLD-THRUST BELT -- FLUID PRESSURE AND JOINTING -- DISCUSSION: OROGENIC PULSES AND THE GENERATION OF ABNORMALLY HIGH FLUID PRESSURE -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- 10 Fluid Pressure History in Subduction Zones: Evidence from Fluid Inclusions in the Kodiak Accretionary Complex, Alaska -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- EVIDENCE FOR HIGH FLUID PRESSURES -- EVIDENCE OF FLUID PRESSURE HISTORY FROM FLUID INCLUSION STUDIES -- Complex Fluid Pressure History -- Consequences of High Fluid Pressure -- Similar Fluid Inclusion Studies -- Future Prospects for Fluid Inclusion Research -- CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References.

11 Degassing of Carbon Dioxide As an Possible Source of High Pore Pressures in the Crust -- INTRODUCTION -- GLOBAL FLUX OF CO2 -- MODELING CO2 FLUX IN THE CRUST -- HYDRAULIC FRACTURING -- DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- References -- INDEX.