Aviation Weather Services -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Acronyms -- Summary -- LEADERSHIP -- SEPARATION OF AIRCRAFT FROM HAZARDOUS WEATHER -- USER NEEDS -- NWS ROLES AND MISSIONS -- TRAINING -- DISSEMINATION OF GRAPHIC WEATHER PRODUCTS -- RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -- REGIONAL REQUIREMENTS -- THE FIRST STEP -- REFERENCES -- USAIR FLIGHT 1016-A SUMMARY OF THE NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD'S FINAL REPORT -- 1 Introduction -- SAFETY IMPERATIVES -- ECONOMIC IMPERATIVES -- ORGANIZATION OF THIS REPORT -- REFERENCES -- 2 Current Roles and Missions -- LEGISLATIVE REQUIREMENTS -- IMPLEMENTATION BY THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH -- OMB Circular A-62 -- FAA/NOAA Memorandum of Agreement -- Defining Aviation Weather Requirements -- Interactions Between the FAA and the NWS -- Effectiveness of Implementing Documents -- FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS -- ESTABLISHING AN AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES CORPORATION -- REFERENCES -- 3 Current Services -- AVIATION WEATHER SERVICES -- Observation -- Number and Location of Weather Observing Sites -- Pilot Reports and Automated Aircraft Weather Observations -- Automation of Surface Observations -- Analysis -- Forecasting -- Use of Forecasts Prepared by Private Weather Services -- Short-Term Forecasts/Nowcasts -- Geographic Resolution of Weather Forecasts -- Feedback from Users to Aviation Weather Forecasters -- Dissemination -- Federal Efforts to Reduce Dissemination Costs -- Form and Content of Weather Products -- Dissemination to Blots En Route -- Role of Air Traffic Controllers -- Effectiveness of Center Weather Service Units -- Dissemination to Airport Operators -- TRAINING -- Pilots -- Dispatchers -- Air Traffic Controllers and Flight Service Specialists -- Aviation Meteorologists -- Training Improvements -- UNMET USER NEEDS -- REFERENCES -- 4 Research And Development -- FEDERAL PLANNING -- Research Organizations.

Planning Documents -- Planning and Coordination -- Multiagency Planning and Coordination -- Bilateral Planning and Coordination: FAA and NOAA -- Bilateral Planning and Coordination: FAA and NASA -- Planning and Coordination Within the FAA -- LONGER-TERM RESEARCH PRIORITIES -- STRENGTHENING THE RESEARCH PROGRAM -- Priorities -- Funding -- Leadership -- Process -- REFERENCES -- 5 Regional Requirements -- REGIONAL VARIABILITY IN AVIATION SAFETY -- THE ALASKAN EXAMPLE 1980 AND 1995 -- IMPROVING REGIONAL SERVICES -- REFERENCES -- 6 Future Roles and Missions -- FUTURE ALTERNATIVES -- Assessing the Alternatives -- ROLES AND MISSIONS -- FAA -- Leadership -- Separating Aircraft From Hazardous Weather -- NOAA/NWS -- Private Sector -- DoD -- NASA -- OFCM -- State Governments -- REFERENCES -- 7 The First Step -- REFERENCES -- Appendix A Summary of Findings and Recommendations -- CHAPTER 2 CURRENT ROLES AND MISSIONS -- CHAPTER 3 CURRENT SERVICES -- CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -- CHAPTER 5 REGIONAL REQUIREMENTS -- CHAPTER 6 FUTURE ROLES AND MISSIONS -- CHAPTER 7 THE FIRST STEP -- REFERENCES -- Appendix B Biographical Sketches of Committee Members -- Appendix C Participants in Committee Meetings -- Appendix D Reference Documents for Current Roles and Missions -- ORGANIC ACT OF 1890 -- WEATHER SERVICES MODERNIZATION ACT -- FEDERAL AVIATION ACT OF 1958, AS AMENDED -- NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ACT OF 1958, AS AMENDED -- DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE APPROPRIATIONS ACT OF 1963 -- OMB CIRCULAR A-62 -- FAA/NOAA MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT -- REFERENCES -- Appendix E ASOS Assessment -- REFERENCES -- Appendix F General Aviation Flight Scenarios-1994 and 2015 -- SCENARIO ONE: 1994 -- SCENARIO TWO: 2015 -- REFERENCES -- Appendix G Federal Funding -- REFERENCES -- Appendix H Research Documents and Organizations -- REFERENCES.

Appendix I Detailed Assessment of User Needs in Alaska -- FACTORS THAT DEFINE REGIONAL VARIABILITY -- Geography and Weather Patterns -- Transportation Systems -- Other Elements of the Regional Infrastructure -- Cultural Differences -- Economic Factors -- Regulatory Factors -- FAA and NWS Organization and Operations -- IMPACT OF REGIONAL VARIABILITY ON THE LEVEL OF AVAILABLE INFORMATION -- OPTIONS FOR IMPROVING REGIONAL SERVICES -- Weather Observations -- Dissemination -- REFERENCES -- Appendix J Alternative Approaches for Improving Aviation Weather Services and Research -- REFERENCES.