CONTENTS -- Preface P. Chen -- LeCosPA's FOURTH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION ADDRESSES -- P. Chen -- S.-C. Lee -- J. Dorfan -- G. Madejski -- H. Aihara -- R. Ruffini -- A. Karle -- P. Gorham -- G.-S. Chang -- I. OVERVIEW OF INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAMS -- Current and Future Research Programs at Stanford's Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology G. Madejski -- 1. KIPAC and Its Research Programs -- 2. Selected Results from Studies of Astrophysical Jets with the Fermi Large Area Telescope -- 2.1. Fermi and Jets in Active Galaxies -- 3. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics at Kavli IPMU H. Aihara -- 1. Subaru Measurement of Images and Redshifts -- 2. XMASS -- 3. Conclusion -- References -- Tsinghua Center for Astrophysics and the Dark Universe C. Tao -- 1. At the Beginning -- 2. High Energy Astrophysics in THCA -- 2.1. HXMT (Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope) -- 2.2. The gamma-ray burst polarization experiment (POLAR) -- 2.3. The Space Variable Objects Monitor (SVOM) -- 2.4. THCA developments of innovative techniques -- 2.5. THCA analysis of X-ray data -- 3. Optical Astrophysics in THCA -- 3.1. 40-cm telescope -- 3.2. 80-cm telescope -- 3.3. Spectrographs -- 3.4. AST3 and KDUST in Dome A -- 4. Supernova Research in THCA -- 5. Studies on Gravitational Lensing in THCA -- 6. Dark Matter Searches in THCA -- 7. Reanalysis of WMAP Data -- 8. Gravitational Waves in THCA -- 9. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- Appendix A. THCA Members and Research Interests -- References -- II. GRAVITY AND SPACETIME -- Space, Time, Matter: 1918-2012 G. Veneziano -- 1. Hermann Weyl and Wolfgang Pauli Facing Three Revolutions -- 2. What Has Happened Since? -- 2.1. The long road to the Standard Model of Nature -- 2.2. Two questions, two (personal) answers -- 3. Successes of the Standard Model of Nature (SMN).

3.1. The Standard Model of Elementary Particles (SMEP) -- 3.2. The Standard Model of Gravity and Cosmology (SMGC) -- 4. Phenomenological Puzzles -- 4.1. Particle physics -- 4.2. Gravitation and Cosmology -- 5. Conceptual/Theoretical Problems -- 6. Quantum String Theory and Its Miracles -- 7. Conclusions -- General Relativity without Paradigm of Space-Time Covariance: Sensible Quantum Gravity and Resolution of the "Problem of Time" C. Soo and H.-L. Yu -- 1. Introduction and Overview -- 2. Theory of Gravity without Full Space-Time Covariance -- 2.1. General framework, and quantum theory -- 2.2. Emergence of classical spacetime -- 2.3. Paradigm shift and resolution of \problem of time" -- 2.4. Improvements to the quantum theory -- 3. Further Discussions -- References -- Quantum Corrections to Entropic Gravity P. Chen and C.-H. Wang -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Entropic Gravity -- 2.1. Entropy variation law -- 2.1.1. Verlinde's approach -- 2.1.2. Fursaev's approach -- 2.1.3. Our approach -- 2.1.4. Temperature -- 3. Generalized Uncertainty Principle -- 4. Quantum Effects in Entropic Gravity -- 5. Conclusion and Discussions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Black Holes and the Generalized Uncertainty Principle B. J. Carr -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Generalized Uncertainty Principle/Generalized Event Horizon -- 3. Loop Black Holes -- 4. GUP and Black Hole Thermodynamics -- 5. Effects of Higher Dimensions -- References -- New Perspective on Space and Time from Lorentz Violation B.-Q. Ma -- 1. Space and Time in Physics -- 2. A Glimpse on Lorentz Violation Studies -- 3. A Newly Proposed Theory of Lorentz Violation from Basic Principles -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Foundations of Classical Electrodynamics, Equivalence Principle and Cosmic Interactions: A Short Exposition and an Update W.-T. Ni, H.-H. Mei, and S.-J. Wu -- 1. Introduction.

1.1. Classical electrodynamics -- 1.2. Proca Lagrangian and the photon mass -- 2. Parametrized Post-Maxwellian (PPM) Framework -- 3. Basic Equations and Wave Propagation in the PPM Electrodynamics -- 4. Measuring the Parameters of the PPM Electrodynamics -- 5. Empirical Tests of Electromagnetism in Gravity and the χ-g Framework -- 6. Pseudoscalar-Photon Interaction -- 7. Outlook -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Critical Acceleration and Quantum Vacuum J. Rafelski and L. Labun -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Critical Acceleration -- 2.1. Definition -- 2.2. Experimental methods -- 2.2.1. Relativistic heavy ion collisions -- 2.2.2. Electrons in strong fields -- 2.2.3. Relativistic laser pulses -- 3. Electromagnetism and Radiation Reaction -- 3.1. Independence of fields and particles -- 3.2. Radiation reaction -- 3.3. Problems with LAD -- 3.4. Landau-Lifshitz Equation -- 3.5. Caldirola Equation -- 3.6. Experiments in Classical Domain -- 4. Mach, Inertia and the Quantum Vacuum -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Temperature of Electron Fluctuations in an Accelerated Vacuum L. Labun and J. Rafelski -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Effective Action -- 3. Condensate -- 4. Observable E ects from g = 1 -- 5. Discussion and Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- III. COSMOLOGY -- Generalized G-Inflation: Inflation with the Most General Second-Order Field Equations T. Kobayashi, M. Yamaguchi, and J. Yokoyama -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Generalized Higher-order Galileons and Kinetic Gravity Braiding -- 3. Background Equations -- 4. Quadratic Actions for Tensor and Scalar Perturbations -- 4.1. Tensor perturbations -- 4.2. Scalar perturbations -- 5. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Brane-World Inflation: Perturbations and Cosmological Constraints M. Bouhmadi-Lopez, P. Chen, and Y.-W. Liu -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Setup.

3. The Scalar Perturbations -- 4. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Testing the Origin of Primordial Perturbation - Use of Bispectrum and Trispectrum T. Suyama -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Non-Linearity Parameters -- 3. Classification and Consistency Relations among Non-linearity Parameters -- 4. Discussion and Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Self-Accelerating Universe in Nonlinear Massive Gravity A. E. Gumrukcuoglu, C. Lin, and S. Mukohyama -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Nonlinear Massive Gravity and Cosmological Solutions -- 3. Cosmological Perturbations -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Inhomogeneous Barotropic FRW Cosmologies with Constant-Shifted Conformal Hubble Parameters H. C. Rosu and K. V. Khmelnytskaya -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Cosmological Riccati Equation of FRW Barotropic Cosmologies -- 3. Barotropic Cosmologies with Conformal Hubble Parameters Having Non-Zero Initial Conditions -- 4. Summary and Final Remarks -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Mysterious Anti-Gravity and Dark-Essence J.-A. Gu -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Cosmological Constant Problem -- 3. Dark Radiation -- 4. Stability of the GR Limit in Modified Gravity -- 5. Summary -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Local Inhomogeneities and the Value of the Cosmological Constant A. E. Romano -- 1. Introduction -- 2. LTB Solution with a Cosmological Constant -- 3. Calculating the Luminosity Distance -- 4. Apparent and True Values of the Cosmological Constant -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Constraining a Model of Varying Alpha with Parity and Charge Parity Violation D. Maity and P. Chen -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Parity Violating Varying-Alpha Theory -- 3. Varying Cosmology -- 3.1. Variation of alpha during different cosmological era -- 4. Constraining through Laboratory Experiments -- 5. Effect on CMB through Galaxy Cluster Medium: SZ-Like Effect.

5.1. Comment on the induced polarization of the CMB photon -- 6. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- IV. PARTICLE ASTROPHYSICS -- Cosmic Connections: From Cosmic Rays to Gamma Rays, Cosmic Backgrounds and Magnetic Fields A. Kusenko -- 1. Gamma Ray Astronomy of Cosmic Rays -- 1.1. Secondary gamma rays from the line-of-sight interactions of cosmic rays -- 1.2. IGMFs and EBL -- 1.3. Time variability -- 2. Composition of UHECR and Past Transient Phenomena in the Milky Way -- 3. A Gamma-Ray Signature of Cosmic-Ray Nuclei -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Fermi - Large Area Telescope: Accomplishments and Challenges T. Kamae -- 1. Introduction -- 2. GLAST /Fermi Large Area Telescope Collaboration -- 2.1. History -- 2.2. Synergy among physics, astrophysics, and astronomy -- 3. Fermi LAT: Instruments and Science Operation -- 3.1. Instruments -- 3.2. Science operation -- 4. Gamma-Ray Sky: What Do We See? -- 5. Cosmic Ray Spectra -- 6. Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Accelerators -- 6.1. SNR -- 6.2. Giant GeV Flares in Crab Nebula: Evidence for a PeV accelerator -- 6.2.1. How and where are VHE e+e- accelerated? -- 6.3. Proton Acceleration in AGN Jets? -- 6.4. Challenge: Sources of VHE and UHE protons? -- 7. Search for Dark Matter Signals -- 7.1. Challenge: How to compare with the direct search results? -- 8. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Ultra-Fast Flash Observatory (UFFO) for Observation of Early Photons from Gamma Ray Bursts I. H. Park, S. Ahmad, P. Barrillon, S. Brandt, C. Budtz-Jorgensen, A. J. Castro- Tirado, P. Chen, Y. J. Choi, P. Connell, S. Dagoret-Campagne, C. Eyles, B. Grossan, M.-H. A. Huang, A. Jung, S. Jeong, J. E. Kim, M. B. Kim, S.-W. Kim, Y. W. Kim, A. S. Krasnov, J. Lee, H. Lim, E. V. Linder, T.-C. Liu, N. Lund, K. W. Min, G. W. Na, J. W. Nam, M. I. Panasyuk, J. Ripa, V. Reglero, J. M. Rodrigo, G. F. Smoot, J.

1. Introduction.