Contents -- Preface -- Scope of Book -- Authentication and Confidentiality -- Privacy -- Reliability -- Network Management -- Part 1: Authentication and Confidentiality -- Chapter 1 Authentication and Confidentiality in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Anjum Naveed and Salil Kanhere -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Security Issues Relating Authentication and Confidentiality -- 3. Characteristics of Security Services -- 4. Authentication in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks -- 4.1. Symmetric Cryptographic Techniques -- 4.2. Asymmetric Cryptographic Techniques -- 4.3. Collaborative Mechanisms -- 4.4. Certificate Revocation for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks -- 5. Confidentiality in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks -- 6. Standardization Efforts -- 6.1. Mutual Authentication Using IEEE 802.1X Standard -- 6.2. Confidentiality and Origin Authentication -- 6.3. Vulnerabilities in IEEE 802.11i and Security Attacks -- 6.3.1. IEEE 802.1X Vulnerabilities -- 6.3.2. Four-way Handshake Vulnerabilities -- 6.3.3. CCMP Encryption Vulnerabilities -- 7. Open Issues -- 8. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Key Distribution Mahalingam Ramkumar -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Requirements and Constraints -- 1.1.1. Scope of Cryptographic Security Associations -- 1.1.2. Types of Security Associations -- 1.1.3. Overhead -- 1.2. Organization -- 2. Key Distribution Schemes -- 2.1. KDS Requirements -- 2.2. Schemes Based on Asymmetric Cryptography -- 2.2.1. Certi.cate Based Schemes -- 2.2.2. Identity (ID) Based Schemes -- 3. Schemes Based on Symmetric Cryptography -- 3.1. CB Schemes for One-to-many SAs -- 3.1.1. TESLA -- 3.1.2. One-Time Signatures (OTS) -- 3.1.3. Merkle Tree -- 3.1.4. Per-use (PU) Hash Chains -- 3.2. ID Based Key Predistribution Schemes -- 3.2.1. Deterministic and Probabilistic KPSs -- 3.2.2. Blom's Deterministic Scheme -- 3.2.3. Key Subset and Symmetric Certi.cates (KSSC) Scheme.

3.2.4. Blom's Scheme vs KSSC -- 3.3. A "Nonscalable" Key Predistribution Scheme -- 3.3.1. Modi.ed Leighton-Micali Scheme -- 4. The Cost of Security Associations -- 4.1. Overhead -- 4.1.1. Computational Overhead -- 4.1.2. In-network Bandwidth Overhead -- 4.1.3. Storage and Out-of-Network Bandwidth Overhead -- 4.2. The Cost of Resources -- 4.3. Protection of Secrets -- 4.4. User Agent and Network Agent KDSs -- 5. Choice of Key Distribution Schemes -- 5.1. Brief Overview of MANET Routing Protocols -- 5.2. Authentication of Routing Data -- 5.2.1. Redundancies in Routing Protocols -- 5.2.2. Distance Vector Protocols -- 5.2.3. On-Demand Protocols -- 5.2.4. Link-State Protocols -- 5.3. Protocol Independent Authentication -- 5.3.1. Logical Neighborhoods -- 5.3.2. User-Agent One-Hop Signatures -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3 Key Pre-Distribution for Sensor Networks Using Group Deployment Knowledge Donggang Liu, Peng Ning and Wenliang Du -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Group-Based Deployment Model -- 3. A Framework for Group-Based Key Pre-Distribution -- 3.1. Pre-Distribution -- 3.2. Direct Key Establishment -- 3.3. Path Key Establishment -- 4. Seeking Efficient Instantiations -- 4.1. Overview -- 4.2. Hash Key-Based Instantiation -- 4.3. Polynomial-Based Instantiation -- 5. Evaluation -- 5.1. Overhead -- 5.2. Establishing Direct Keys -- 5.3. Establishing Indirect Keys -- 5.4. Security Analysis -- 5.4.1. Impact on Direct Key Establishment -- 5.4.2. Impact on Path Key Establishment -- 5.5. Discussion -- 6. Related Work -- 7. Conclusion and Future Work -- References -- Part 2: Privacy -- Chapter 4 Location Privacy Sergio Armenia, Laura Galluccio, Alessandro Leonardi, Giacomo Morabito and Sergio Palazzo -- 1. Background -- 1.1. Privacy and Society -- 1.2. Taxonomy -- 1.3. Measure of Privacy -- 2. Location Privacy in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks.

2.1. Location Privacy in Ad Hoc Networks -- 2.2. Location Privacy in Sensor Networks -- 3. Performance of Location Privacy Enhancement Solutions -- 3.1. System Model -- 3.2. Privacy Loss Analysis -- 3.3. Cost Analysis -- 3.4. Numerical Examples -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5 On-Demand Anonymous Routing (ODAR) Lichun Bao, Rex Chen and Denh Sy -- 1. Introduction -- 2. ODAR Data Forwarding -- 2.1. Network Assumptions -- 2.2. Anonymity Goals -- 2.3. Bloom Filter -- 2.4. Source Routing Using Bloom Filters -- 3. Anonymity -- 3.1. Intermediate Node Anonymity -- 3.2. End-Host Anonymities -- 3.2.1. Key Server -- 3.2.2. Key Distribution -- 3.2.3. Anonymity in the Route Discovery -- 4. ODAR Routing Control -- 5. Evaluations -- 5.1. Security Analysis -- 5.2. Simulations -- 6. Summary -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Chapter 6 NTRU-Based Confidential Data Transmission in Telemedicine Sensor Networks Fei Hu, Xiaojun Cao, Kyle Wilhelm, Marcin Łukowiak and Stanisław Radziszowski -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Cardiac Sensor Networks (CSNs) -- 3. NTRU Algorithms [12, 14] -- 3.1. Modular Arithmetic -- 3.2. Truncated Polynomial Rings -- 3.3. NTRU Algorithm -- 3.3.1. Notations -- 3.3.2. Public/Private Key -- 3.3.3. Encryption -- 3.3.4. Decryption -- 4. NTRU Security Algorithm: Hardware-Based Implementation -- 4.1. NTRU System Components and Design -- 4.2. Multiplication and Secure Hash Algorithm Modules -- 4.3. Generation Function Modules -- 4.4. Key Generation and Encryption/Decryption Modules -- 5. NTRU Optimizations -- 5.1. Multiplication Operation -- 5.2. Parallelism Operations in the Arithmetic Units -- 5.3. Parallelism Operations in the Supporting Algorithms -- 6. Performance Study -- 6.1. Energy Consumption -- 6.2. Storage Methods and the Relation to N and q -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Part 3: Reliability.

Chapter 7 Fault-Tolerant Wireless Sensor Networks Xiaoyuan Sherry Li and Janise McNair -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Faults in Sensor Networks -- 2.1. Metrics for Fault Tolerance -- 2.2. Sources of Faults -- 2.2.1. Node Failure -- 2.2.2. Link Failure -- 2.2.3. Network Failure -- 2.3. Fault Pattern -- 2.3.1. Temporal Pattern -- 2.3.2. Geographical Pattern -- 2.3.3. Topology-Related Pattern -- 3. Fault Prevention -- 4. Fault Management -- 4.1. Fault Detection -- 4.2. Fault Recovery -- 5. Fault Management in Cluster-Based Sensor Networks -- 5.1. Cluster-Based Network Model -- 5.2. Fault Detection -- 5.2.1. Static Networks -- 5.2.1.1. Continuous Network -- 5.2.1.2. Event-Driven Network -- 5.2.2. Mobile Networks -- 5.3. Fault-Recovery -- 5.3.1. Routing-Based Recovery -- 5.3.2. Re-Clustering-Based Recovery -- 5.3.2.1. Join a Neighboring Cluster -- 5.3.2.2. Select a New Cluster Head -- 6. Chapter Summary -- References -- Chapter 8 Detecting Data Anomalies in Wireless Sensor Networks Sutharshan Rajasegarar, Christopher Leckie and Marimuthu Palaniswami -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Applications of Anomaly Detection -- 2.1. Intrusion Detection -- 2.2. Event Detection -- 2.3. Quality Assurance -- 3. State of the Art in Anomaly Detection Techniques for WSNs -- 3.1. Types of Anomalies in WSNs -- 3.2. Energy Preserving Techniques in Distributed Anomaly Detection Algorithms for WSNs -- 3.3. Categorisation of Anomaly Detection Techniques -- 3.4. Parametric Techniques -- 3.5. Non-Parametric Techniques -- 3.5.1. Rule Based Approaches -- 3.5.2. CUSUM Based Approaches -- 3.5.3. Data Clustering Approaches -- 3.5.4. Density Based Approaches -- 3.5.5. Nearest Neighbor Based Approaches -- 3.5.6. Kernel Based Approaches -- 3.5.7. Other Approaches -- 4. Comparison of Approaches to Anomaly Detection and Open Issues -- 5. Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References.

Chapter 9 Reliable Traffic Information Propagation in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Soyoung Park, Cliff Zou and Damla Turgut -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Contribution -- 2. Related Work -- 3. VANET Model -- 3.1. Network Model -- 3.2. Adversary Model -- 4. Proposed Approaches -- 4.1. Two-Directional Data Verification -- 4.1.1. Driving Direction -- 4.1.2. Data Aggregation -- 4.1.3. Data Propagation -- 4.1.4. Data Verification Rule -- 4.2. Time-Based Data Verification -- 4.2.1. Data Propagation -- 4.2.2. Data Verification Rule -- 4.2.3. Extension to very Sparse Traffic Situation -- 4.2.4. The Combined Data Veriffication Approach -- 4.3. Comparison between Two Proposed Approaches -- 5. Security and Robustness -- 5.1. Data Integrity -- 5.1.1. Two-Directional Data Verification -- 5.1.2. Time-Based Data Verification -- 5.2. Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attacks -- 5.2.1. Two-Directional Data Propagation -- 5.2.2. Time-Based Data Propagation -- 6. Simulation Study -- 6.1. Simulation Environment and Metrics -- 6.2. Simulation Results -- 6.2.1. Two-Directional Data Propagation -- 6.2.2. Time-Based Data Propagation -- 7. Conclusion -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Part 4: Network Management and Configuration -- Chapter 10 Energy Efficient Network Security Management Sherry Wang, Harold Zheng and Wenye Wang -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. The Concept of Security Management -- 1.1.1. Policy-Based Management -- 1.2. Resource Consumptions of Security Protocols -- 1.3. Radio Propagation Properties -- 1.3.1. Path Loss -- 1.3.2. Decay Function -- 2. Security Policies and Impact on Quality of Protection -- 2.1. Quality of Protection (QoP) -- 2.2. Individual Security Policies -- 2.3. Hybrid Security Policies -- 2.4. Impact of Security Policies on QoP -- 2.5. Discussion -- 3. Energy Consumption for Securing Wireless Networks -- 3.1. Energy Consumption of Secure Sockets Layer.

3.2. Resource Consumption Analysis.