Cover -- Half-title -- Series-title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- CONTENTS -- FIGURES -- TABLES -- PREFACE -- ABBREVIATIONS -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 The special interest of number -- First assumption: number is just an opposition of singular versus plural -- Second assumption: all relevant items (nouns, for instance) will mark number -- Third assumption: items which do mark number will behave the same -- Fourth assumption: number must be expressed -- Fifth assumption: number is a nominal category -- 1.2 Comparing like with like -- 1.3 Structure of the book -- 1.4 Presentation -- 2 Meaning distinctions -- 2.1 General number -- 2.2 Number values -- 2.2.1 The plural -- 2.2.2 The dual -- 2.2.3 The trial -- 2.2.4 The paucal -- 2.2.5 The question of quadrals -- 2.2.6 Greater numbers -- Banyun -- Fula -- Arabic -- Hamer -- Kaytetye -- Mokilese -- Mele-Fila -- 2.2.7 Composed numbers -- 2.3 Number systems (the Number Hierarchy and associated problems) -- 2.3.1 The Number Hierarchy -- 2.3.2 Possible systems of number values: incorporating the paucal -- 2.3.3 Facultative number -- 2.4 Languages without number -- 2.5 Approaches in formal semantics -- 2.6 Conclusion -- 3 Items involved in the nominal number system -- 3.1 The Animacy Hierarchy -- 3.2 The hierarchy positions -- 3.2.1 Human versus non-human -- 3.2.2 Animate versus inanimate -- 3.2.3 Kin (and rational) -- 3.2.4 Pronouns -- 3.2.4.1 The position of the third person -- 3.2.4.2 First and second persons versus third -- 3.2.4.3 First person versus second -- 3.3 Marking and agreement -- 3.4 Optionality -- 3.5 Morphological effects -- 3.6 Count and mass -- 3.7 Semantic effects -- 3.7.1 Pronouns and associative meaning -- 3.7.2 Recategorization effects -- 3.8 Conclusion -- 4 Integrating number values and the Animacy Hierarchy -- 4.1 Extending the Animacy Hierarchy to other number values.

4.2 Minor numbers -- 4.2.1 The dual in Modern Hebrew -- 4.2.2 The dual in Maltese -- 4.2.3 The paucal in Avar -- 4.2.4 Minor numbers: the problem -- 4.2.5 Constraints on minor numbers -- 4.2.6 Minor numbers: review -- 4.3 Associatives -- 4.3.1 Associatives: the problem -- 4.3.2 Central Pomo -- 4.3.3 Central Alaskan Yup'ik -- 4.3.4 Associatives: summing up -- 4.4 Distributives and collectives -- 4.4.1 Distributives -- 4.4.2 Collectives -- 4.4.3 Distributives and collectives: summing up -- 4.5 Top and second systems -- 4.5.1 Conflated numbers -- 4.5.2 Mass number (dialects of north-west Spain) -- 4.5.3 General number -- 4.5.4 Bayso -- 4.5.5 Minor numbers revisited -- 4.6 Conclusion -- 5 The expression of number -- 5.1 Number words -- 5.2 Syntax -- 5.3 Morphology -- 5.3.1 Relations between stems and inflections -- 5.3.2 Inflections -- 5.3.3 Stems -- 5.3.4 Zero expression -- 5.3.5 Clitics revisited -- 5.3.6 Multiple marking -- 5.4 Lexical means -- 5.5 Inverse number (and polarity) -- 5.6 Minimal-augmented systems -- 5.7 'Constructed' numbers -- 5.8 Reduced expression of number -- 5.8.1 Nouns which are not number-differentiable -- 5.8.2 Defectives -- 5.8.3 Motivation for defectives -- 5.9 Conclusion -- 6 The syntax of number -- 6.1 Controller versus target number -- 6.1.1 Mismatches of system -- 6.1.2 Default number -- 6.1.3 Mismatches for specific controller types -- 6.2 The Agreement Hierarchy and 'corporate' nouns in English -- 6.3 Associatives (syntactic) -- 6.4 Honorifics (in Slavonic) -- 6.5 Conjoined noun phrases -- 6.5.1 The options -- 6.5.2 Number resolution -- 6.5.3 Resolution or agreement with the nearest conjunct -- 6.5.4 Conjoined noun phrases and comitative constructions -- 6.6 Arabic (agreement with plural noun phrases) -- 6.7 Agreement with quantified expressions (mainly in Slavonic) -- 6.7.1 Number of noun in quantified noun phrases.

6.7.2 Factors determining the choice in predicate agreement -- 6.8 Constraints on agreement systems -- 6.9 Conclusion -- 7 Other uses of number -- 7.1 Honorifics and related uses -- 7.2 Unexpected feature values in coordination -- 7.2.1 The relational (dual and plural) -- 7.2.2 Pronominal coordination -- 7.3 Special uses -- 7.3.1 The exaggerative plural -- 7.3.2 The intensificative -- 7.3.3 The approximative -- 7.3.4 The evasive -- 7.3.5 The anti-associative -- 7.4 Conclusion -- 8 Verbal number -- 8.1 The geographical extent of verbal number -- 8.2 The meaning of verbal number -- 8.2.1 Event number -- 8.2.2 Participant number -- 8.2.3 Mixed event and participant number -- 8.2.4 Values -- 8.3 Locus -- 8.4 Diagnostics for verbal number -- 8.4.1 Ergativity -- 8.4.2 Marking of different values -- 8.4.3 Differences in availability -- 8.4.4 Possible development towards nominal number -- 8.5 Items involved in the verbal number system -- 8.6 Expression of verbal number -- 8.7 Other uses -- 8.8 Motivation for the asymmetries -- 8.9 Conclusion -- 9 Conclusion and new challenges -- 9.1 Diachrony -- 9.1.1 The rise of number -- 9.1.2 The decline of number -- 9.2 Interactions -- 9.2.1 Gender -- 9.2.2 Case -- 9.2.3 Person -- 9.2.4 Definiteness -- 9.3 Use of number -- 9.3.1 Integrated systems -- 9.3.2 Statistical distribution and markedness -- 9.3.3 Frequency and irregularity -- 9.3.3.1 Terms and hypotheses -- 9.3.3.2 The data -- 9.3.3.3 The Irregularity Scale -- 9.3.3.4 Discussion of results -- 9.3.3.5 Frequency and irregularity: conclusions -- 9.4 The acquisition of number -- 9.5 The psycholinguistics of number -- 9.6 The final note -- REFERENCES -- AUTHOR INDEX -- LANGUAGE INDEX -- SUBJECT INDEX.