Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Summary -- I. Introduction -- II. Findings -- III. Recommendations -- IV. Conclusion -- Appendix A: Committee on Scientific Communication and National Security Roster -- Appendix B: The Committee on Science, Security, and Prosperity Biographies -- Appendix C: Background on the Roundtable/Commission on Scientific Communication and National Security -- Appendix D: Recent Studies and Initiatives Outside the National Academies -- Appendix E: Principal Studies Sponsored by the National Academies That Address the Impact of National Security Controls on the Conduct of Science and Technology -- Appendix F: U.S. Government Agency Jurisdiction and Export Decision Tree -- Appendix G: Possible Topics for Future Research -- Appendix H: ITAR and CCL Control Lists by Category -- Appendix I: Principles to Underpin the Militarily Critical Technologies List (MCTL) -- Appendix J: Export Control Legislation in the 110th Congress -- Appendix K: Commerce Control List Overlap with Multilateral Agreements.