FrontMatter -- Preface -- Contents -- Summary -- 1 A Rationale for River Science -- 2 Major River Science Drivers and Challenges -- 3 Overview of Federal, State, Nongovernmental, and USGS Activities in River Science -- 4 Priority Areas for USGS River Science -- 5 Monitoring and Data Management for USGS River Science -- 6 Coordinating River Science Activities at the USGS -- 7 Recommendations -- References -- Appendix A Valuing River Ecosystem Services -- Appendix B Key River Science Questions and the Data Required to Answer Them -- Appendix C Biographical Sketches for Committee on River Science at the U.S. Geological Survey.