Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Abbreviations and Acronyms -- Executive Summary -- Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Constraints on Crop and Animal Productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia -- 3 Plant Improvement and Protection -- 4 Water Resource Availability -- 5 Technologies for Soil Improvement -- 6 Technologies for Improving Animal Health and Production -- 7 Emerging Technologies to Meet Local Energy Needs -- 8 Priorities for Emerging Technologies -- Appendix A: Committee Statement of Task -- Appendix B: Biographic Sketches of Committee Members -- Appendix C: Responses from Sub-Saharan African and South Asian Scientists -- Appendix D: Contributors -- Appendix E: Recent Publications of the Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources.