List of Report Reviewers -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- 1 Introduction and Background -- 2 Why Consider Flexibility in Disposal Options? -- 3 Exemption Process -- 4 A Risk-Informed Approach: Procedures and Criteria for Risk Assessment to Support an Exemption Process -- 5 Impediments to a Successful Application of the Risk-Informed Approach -- 6 Findings and Recommendations -- References -- Appendixes -- Appendix A Overview: Risk Assessment -- Appendix B Summary of Previous Studies and Programs Aimed at Incorporating Risk into DOE Environmental Management Decision Making -- Appendix C Information-Gathering Meetings -- Appendix D Glossary -- Appendix E Biographical Sketches of Committee Members.