MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF POROUS SOLIDS -- Contents -- Preface -- 1 The Strange World of Porous Solids -- 2 Fluid Mixtures -- 2.1 Chemical Potential -- 2.1.1 Free energy and chemical potential -- 2.1.2 Equilibrium of mixture composition -- 2.2 Gibbs-Duhem Equation -- 2.2.1 Derivation of the Gibbs-Duhem equation -- 2.2.2 Molar Gibbs-Duhem equation -- 2.2.3 Ideal gases -- 2.2.4 Real gases -- 2.2.5 Partial molar property -- 2.3 Ideal Mixtures -- 2.3.1 Ideal gas mixture -- 2.3.2 Ideal mixture definition -- 2.3.3 Entropy of mixing -- 2.3.4 Ideal solution - Raoult's law -- 2.3.5 Dilute ideal solution - Henry's law -- 2.3.6 Osmotic pressure -- 2.3.7 Electrostatics and excess of osmotic pressure -- 2.3.8 Reactive ideal mixture -- 2.3.9 Unconditional stability of ideal solutions -- 2.4 Regular Solutions -- 2.4.1 Regular solutions and the interaction between molecules -- 2.4.2 Conditional stability of regular solutions -- Further Reading -- 3 The Deformable Porous Solid -- 3.1 Strain -- 3.1.1 Deformation gradient and displacement -- 3.1.2 Strain tensor -- 3.2 Stress -- 3.2.1 The hypothesis of local contact forces -- 3.2.2 The action-reaction law -- 3.2.3 The Cauchy stress tensor -- 3.2.4 Local mechanical equilibrium -- 3.2.5 Symmetry of stress tensor -- 3.3 Strain Work -- 3.3.1 Mechanical energy balance -- 3.3.2 Strain work in infinitesimal transformations -- 3.4 From Solids to Porous Solids -- 3.4.1 Porosity and deformation -- 3.4.2 Pore pressure and stress partition -- 3.4.3 Free energy balance for the fluid-solid mixture -- 3.4.4 Free energy balance for the porous solid -- 3.4.5 Strain work and the effective stress 'principle' -- Further Reading -- 4 The Saturated Poroelastic Solid -- 4.1 The Poroelastic Solid -- 4.1.1 The linear poroelastic solid -- 4.1.2 Microporoelasticity -- 4.1.3 The nonlinear poroelastic solid -- 4.2 Filling the Porous Solid.

4.2.1 Filling by a compressible fluid -- 4.2.2 Filling by a mixture containing gas bubbles - bubble pressure -- 4.2.3 Undrained poroelasticity -- 4.3 The Thermoporoelastic Solid -- 4.3.1 The linear thermoporoelastic solid -- 4.3.2 The linear thermoporoelastic fluid-solid mixture -- 4.4 The Poroviscoelastic Solid -- 4.4.1 The linear viscoelastic solid matrix -- 4.4.2 The linear poroviscoelastic solid -- Further Reading -- 5 Fluid Transport and Deformation -- 5.1 Transport Laws -- 5.1.1 Mole and mass conservation -- 5.1.2 Dissipation associated with transport -- 5.1.3 Fick's law -- 5.1.4 Darcy's law -- 5.2 Coupling the Deformation and the Flow -- 5.2.1 The Navier equation -- 5.2.2 The diffusion equation -- 5.3 Consolidation of a Soil Layer -- 5.3.1 Consolidation equation -- 5.3.2 Early time solution -- 5.3.3 Any time solution -- 5.3.4 Layer apparent creep -- Further Reading -- 6 Surface Energy and Capillarity -- 6.1 Physics and Mechanics of Interfaces -- 6.1.1 Origin of surface energy -- 6.1.2 Basic approach to van der Waals forces -- 6.1.3 Surface and interface energy -- 6.1.4 Surface energy and cohesion -- 6.1.5 Surface energy and surface stress -- 6.1.6 Wettability, angle of contact and the Young-Dupré equation -- 6.1.7 The Laplace equation -- 6.1.8 Pore invasion and interface energy change -- 6.1.9 Interface energy and adsorption -- 6.1.10 The disjoining pressure -- 6.2 Capillarity in Porous Solids -- 6.2.1 Capillary pressure curve and interface energy -- 6.2.2 Capillary rise -- 6.2.3 Porosimetry -- 6.2.4 Capillary hysteresis -- 6.3 Transport in Unsaturated Porous Solids -- 6.3.1 Relative permeability -- 6.3.2 Injection -- Further Reading -- 7 The Unsaturated Poroelastic Solid -- 7.1 Interface Stress as a Prestress -- 7.1.1 Interface energy and saturated poroelasticity -- 7.1.2 Adsorption-induced deformation.

7.2 Energy Balance for the Unsaturated Porous Solid -- 7.2.1 Lagrangian and Eulerian saturations -- 7.2.2 Lagrangian saturation and free energy balance -- 7.3 The Linear Unsaturated Poroelastic Solid -- 7.3.1 Constitutive equations of unsaturated poroelasticity -- 7.3.2 Unsaturated microporoelasticity -- 7.3.3 Double porosity approach to the brittle fracture of liquid-infiltrated materials -- 7.4 Extending Linear Unsaturated Poroelasticity -- 7.4.1 The nonlinear poroelastic solid in unsaturated conditions -- 7.4.2 Accounting for interface stress effects upon deformation -- 7.4.3 The linear thermoporoelastic solid in unsaturated conditions -- 7.4.4 The linear unsaturated poroviscoelastic solid -- Further Reading -- 8 Unconfined Phase Transition -- 8.1 Chemical Potential and Phase Transition -- 8.1.1 Phase equilibrium law -- 8.1.2 Chemical potential of a pure substance in any form -- 8.1.3 Supersaturation -- 8.1.4 Phase transition as an instability -- 8.2 Liquid-Vapor Transition -- 8.2.1 The Kelvin equation -- 8.2.2 Effect of a solute -- 8.3 Liquid-Solid Transition -- 8.3.1 The Thomson equation -- 8.3.2 Salt crystallization - the Correns equation -- 8.4 Gas Bubble Formation -- 8.5 Surface Energy and Phase Transition -- 8.5.1 Nucleation -- 8.5.2 The precondensed liquid film, the disjoining pressure and the Gibbs adsorption isotherm -- 8.5.3 The premelted liquid film and crystallization -- Further Reading -- 9 Phase Transition in Porous Solids -- 9.1 In-pore Phase Transition -- 9.1.1 Liquid saturation, pore-entry radius distribution and phase transition -- 9.1.2 Spherical stress state and stability of in-pore crystallization -- 9.1.3 Intermolecular forces and in-pore phase transition -- 9.2 Kinetics and Mechanics of Drying -- 9.2.1 Continuum approach to drying kinetics -- 9.2.2 Drying asymptotics -- 9.2.3 Drying mechanics.

9.3 Mechanics of Confined Crystallization -- 9.3.1 Cryogenic swelling -- 9.3.2 The hydraulic pressure -- 9.3.3 Freezing and air voids -- 9.3.4 Weathering and the crystallization of sea-salts -- Further Reading -- 10 The Poroplastic Solid -- 10.1 Basic Concepts of Plasticity -- 10.1.1 Plastic loading function and flow rule -- 10.1.2 The principle of maximum plastic work -- 10.1.3 Hardening plasticity -- 10.1.4 Dilatancy -- 10.1.5 Three-dimensional plasticity -- 10.1.6 Limit analysis and stability of dry sandpiles -- 10.2 From Plasticity to Poroplasticity -- 10.2.1 The poroplastic solid -- 10.2.2 Critical state and the Cam-clay model -- 10.2.3 Capillary hardening and capillary collapse -- 10.2.4 Stability of wet sandpiles -- 10.3 From Material to Structure -- Further Reading -- 11 By Way of Conclusion -- Further Reading -- Index.