Botanists : from early explorers to plant geneticists -- Largely lepidopterists : collectors, classifiers, and students of insect development : the entomologists -- Museum taxonomists to morphologists and embryologists : women zoologists -- Naturalists -- Some general biologists -- Medical scientists : physiologists, neurologists, anatomists, pathologists, and bacteriologists -- From obstetrics to war work : physicians and other medical women -- Mathematicians and statisticians, mainly of the 1890s, but remembering Mary Somerville -- Ripple-marks in the sand, images on the screen, unit standardization : studies by women in physics -- Observers, "computers," interpreters, and popularizers : women in astronomy -- Chemists and biochemists : lab, space for assistants only? -- Midwestern caves, Graptolite evolution, Tyrolean tectonics : studies by early women geologists -- Geographers, explorers, travelers, and a Himalayan climber -- From the Zuäni of New Mexico to the Fang of Gabon : early contributions by women to ethnology and anthropology -- The first generation of American experimental psychologists -- Others -- Summary -- Bibliography of papers by American and British women in scientific periodicals, 1800-1900.