Principles of Stable Isotope Distribution.
Title:
Principles of Stable Isotope Distribution.
Author:
Criss, Robert E.
ISBN:
9780195353525
Personal Author:
Physical Description:
1 online resource (265 pages)
Contents:
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- 1.1 Discovery of Isotopes -- 1.2 Nuclide Types, Abundances, and Atomic Weights -- 1.3 Properties and Fractionation of Isotopic Molecules -- 1.4 Material Balance Relationships -- 1.5 Mass Spectrometers -- 1.6 Notation and Standards -- 1.7 Summary -- 1.8 Problems -- References -- 1 Abundance and Measurement of Stable Isotopes -- 2.1 Isotopic Exchange Reactions -- 2.2 Basic Equations -- 2.3 Molecular Models -- 2.4 Theory of Isotopic Fractionation -- 2.5 Temperature Dependence of Isotopic Fractionation Factors -- 2.6 Rule of the Mean -- 2.7 Isotopic Thermometers -- 2.8 Summary -- 2.9 Problems -- References -- 2 Isotopic Exchange and Equilibrium Fractionation -- 3.1 Variations of D and 18O in the Hydrosphere -- 3.2 Variations of D and 18O in Waters from Deep Geologic Environments -- 3.3 Liquid-Vapor and Ice-Vapor Equilibria -- 3.4 Rayleigh Fractionation -- 3.5 Examples of Natural Meteoric Precipitation -- 3.6 Isotopic Variations in Streamflow -- 3.7 Isotopic Variations in Groundwaters -- 3.8 Summary -- 3.9 Problems -- References -- 3 Isotope Hydrology -- 4.1 Kinetics of Isotopic Exchange -- 4.2 Examples of Isotopic Exchange Kinetics -- 4.3 Evaporation -- 4.4 Lake Balance -- 4.5 Isotopic Flux and Soil Evaporation -- 4.6 Kinetic Fractionation Factors -- 4.7 Isotopic Distribution in the Atmosphere -- 4.8 Mass-Independent Fractionation -- 4.9 Summary -- 4.10 Problems -- References -- 4 Nonequilibrium Fractionation and Isotopic Transport -- 5.1 Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotope Geochemistry of Rocks -- 5.2 Igneous Rocks: Primary Crystallization -- 5.3 Igneous Rocks: Subsolidus Processes -- 5.4 Hydrothermal Systems -- 5.5 Extraterrestrial Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopic Compositions -- 5.6 Summary -- 5.7 Problems -- References -- 5 Igneous Rocks, Meteorites, and Fluid-Rock Interactions -- Appendices.
A.1 Important Nuclides of Light Elements -- A.2 Selected Physical Constants -- A.3 Definitions, Formulas, and Approximations -- A.4 Selected Oxygen Isotope Fractionation Factors between Various Phases and Water -- Index.
Abstract:
This book presents a quantitative treatment of the theory and natural variations of light stable isotopes. It discusses isotope distribution in the context of fractionation processes, thermodynamics, mass conservation, exchange kinetics, and diffusion theory, and includes more than 100 original equations. The theoretical principles are illustrated with natural examples that emphasize oxygen and hydrogen isotope variations in natural waters, terrestrial and extraterrestrial rocks, and hydrothermal systems. New data on meteoric precipitation, rivers, springs, formation fluids, and hydrothermal systems are included in relation to various natural phenomena. Essentially, this book seeks to reconnect the diverse phenomenological observations of isotope distribution to the quantitative theories of physical chemistry and the language of differential equations. It may serve as a textbook for advanced students, as a research reference, or as a quick source of information. The book is organized into five chapters, each followed by suggested quantitative problems and a short reference list. The three theoretical chapters progress from an elementary review of the physical chemistry of stable isotopes, to the thermodynamics of isotopic compounds, and finally to the calculation of isotope distribution in dynamic systems. The third and fifth chapters emphasize oxygen and hydrogen isotope variations in Earth's hydrosphere and lithosphere, constituting the most important examples of the theoretical principles. Appendices provide data on atomic weights of light elements, physical constants, mathematical relationships, and isotopic fractionation factors.
Local Note:
Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, 2017. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries.
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