The Socio-economic Burden of Musculoskeletal Infections -- Orthopaedic Device-related Infections -- Epidemiology and Classification of Septic Total Hip Replacement -- Early Radiological Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Infection in Orthopaedic Surgery -- Bacterial Strategies of Implant Colonization and Resistance -- Pathological Findings of Septic Loosening -- Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Orthopaedic Surgery -- The Limits of Systemic Antibiotics in Device-related Infections -- Antibiotic Bone Cement as a Prophylactic Means in Joint Replacement Surgery -- The Limits of the Local Antibiotic Therapy -- The Role of Suppressive Surgery -- Basic Research and Local Antibiotic Therapy -- PMMA as Drug Delivery System and in vivo Release from Spacers -- Antibiotic Cement Spacers in Total Hip and Total Knee Arthroplasty: Problems, Pitfalls, and Avoiding Complications -- The Preformed Spacers: From the Idea to the Realization of an Industrial Device -- Fatigue and Wear Characterization of the Preformed Hip Spacer -- Fatigue Characterisation of the Preformed Knee Spacer -- Surface Analysis of the Spacer Before and After the Clinical Use -- Bone Loss: Does Use of the Spacer Affects it? -- Antibiotic Impregnated Bone Grafts — What Do We Know? -- Antibiotic-loaded Bone Allograft: Personal Experience -- Antibiotic Loaded Cement: From Research to Clinical Evidence -- Clinical Applications: Hip -- The Management of Infection in THA: A Historical Perspective -- Girdlestone Arthroplasty after Hip Prosthesis Infection — A Two-stage Revision -- One-stage Non-cemented Revision of Septic Hip Prosthesis Using Antibiotic-loaded Bone Graft -- Two-stage Revision of Infected Total Hip Arthroplasty. Comparison Between a Custom-made and a Preformed Spacer -- Two-stage Revision of Infected Total Hip Replacement Using a Preformed, Antibiotic-loaded Acrylic Cement Spacer -- Two-stage Revision of Septic Hip Prosthesis with Uncemented Implants -- Long-stem Preformed Spacers Followed by Uncemented Implants: A Solution for Wide Femoral Opening or Bone Loss in Two-stage Revision -- Two-stage Revision Surgery in Septic Total Hip Arthroplasty -- One-stage, Two-stage or Multi-stage Revision: the Reason of a Choice -- Analysis of the Gait in Patients with Hip Spacers -- Clinical Applications: Knee -- Septic Knee Prosthesis Revision: A Challenging Surgery -- Management of TKA Infection — One-stage Exchange -- Antibiotic-loaded Bone Cement Spacers for the Two-stage Revision in Total Knee Replacement -- Key Points in Two-stage Revision for Infected Knee Arthroplasty: Bone Loss, Quality of Life Between Stages and Surgical Approach at Second Stage -- Two-stage Revision with Preformed Knee Spacers and Modular Knee Prosthesis -- Arthrodesis for the Treatment of Severe Knee Disease -- Arthrodesis and Amputation in Knee Joint Infections -- Salvage Procedures in Exposed Septic Knee Prothesis -- Novel Applications and Perspectives -- The Management of the Shoulder Prosthesis Infection -- Shoulder Spacer as a Definitive Solution? -- The Gentamicin-Vancomycin Spacer: A Pharmacological Study -- Rationale of Nail Antibiotic Clothing and “in vivo” Animal Study -- The Use of Antibiotic-loaded Spacers in Post-traumatic Bone Infection -- The Use of Antibiotic-impregnated Cement in Infected Reconstructions after Resection for Bone Tumors -- Local Antibiotic Therapy: Present and Future.