Cover -- Title -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Plates -- List of Figures -- List of Boxes -- Acknowledgements -- Preface -- List of Acronyms and Abbreviations -- INTRODUCTION -- PART I: PLANNING AND GOVERNMENT -- 1 THE NATURE OF PLANNING -- The Character of Planning -- Planning Theory and Rationality -- The Practice of Planning -- Sectoral and Comprehensive Planning -- Interest Groups -- Local Interest Groups -- Advocacy Planning -- Planning vs. Implementation -- Incrementalism -- Local vs. Central Control -- Underlying Attitudes to Land and Property -- Private and Public Planning Processes -- The Elements of the Planning Process -- 2 URBANIZATION -- A Culture of Mobility -- Three Centuries of Urban Growth -- Town Development -- Transportation for Commuters -- Public Policies and Suburbanization -- Decentralization -- Current Trends -- The Role of Government in Urbanization -- 3 GOVERNING AND PLANNING URBAN AREAS -- Basic Needs for Government -- Privatism -- The Growth of Public Powers -- Machine Politics -- The Reform Movement -- Parks -- The City Beautiful -- Municipal Reform -- Reform and the Planning Function -- The Gridiron Plan -- City Planning as an Exact Science -- Regional Planning -- PART II: LAND USE REGULATION -- 4 THE EVOLUTION OF ZONING -- The Need for Property Protection -- Early Land Use Controls -- Immigration and Urbanization -- The Movement for Planning -- The New York City Zoning Ordinance of 1916 -- The Standard State Zoning Enabling Act -- The Euclid Case -- The Narrowness of Zoning -- 5 THE INSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL FRAMEWORK -- Planning and Zoning -- Zoning as a Local Matter -- The Local Managers of Zoning -- The Constitutional Framework -- The Role of the Courts -- Subdivision Controls -- 6 THE TECHNIQUES OF ZONING -- The Traditional Techniques of Zoning -- The Single Family Zone: What is a Family? -- Group Homes.

The Single Family House: Should there be a Minimum Size? -- Large Lot Zoning: Maintaining Community Character -- Apartments and Mobile Homes -- Conditional Uses -- Variances -- Spot Zoning -- Downzoning -- Contract Zoning and Site Plan Review -- Cluster Zoning and Planned Unit Development -- Non-conforming Uses -- Zoning Amendments -- Special District Zoning -- Conclusion -- 7 DEVELOPMENT CHARGES -- Paying for the Costs of Development -- Impact Fees -- The Rational Nexus -- The Incidence of Charges -- Existing vs. New Home Owners -- Linkages -- Incentive Zoning in New York -- The Negotiation Syndrome -- The Dangers of Bonusing -- Purposes of Bonusing -- In Conclusion -- PART III: QUALITY OF THE ENVIRONMENT -- 8 AESTHETICS -- Regulating Aesthetics -- Billboards -- Rural Signs -- Urban Signs -- Architectural Design Review -- 9 HISTORIC PRESERVATION -- Preservation and Profit -- The Early Days of Heritage Preservation -- With Heritage So Rich and Subsequent Legislation -- The National Register of Historic Places -- Statewide Comprehensive Historic Preservation Planning -- Highways and Historic Preservation -- The National Environmental Policy Act -- Economics of Historic Preservation -- State and Local Programs -- Historic Preservation and Tourism -- The Widening Scope of Historic Preservation -- PART IV: GROWTH MANAGEMENT -- 10 GROWTH MANAGEMENT AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT -- Attitudes to Growth -- The Ramapo Growth Control Program -- The Petaluma Quota Plan -- Other Growth Control Programs -- Growth Management and Infrastructure -- Initiatives in Boulder -- Safeguarding Agricultural Land -- Conclusion -- 11 URBAN GROWTH MANAGEMENT AND THE STATES -- Urban Growth Problems -- Hawaii -- Oregon -- Vermont -- Florida -- California -- New Jersey -- Conclusion -- PART V: DEVELOPMENT ISSUES -- 12 TRANSPORTATION -- The Centrality of Transportation.

The Arithmetic of Transportation -- Telecommuting -- Suburbanization and Transportation -- Traffic Restraint Through Land Use Planning -- Designing Suburban Centers for Transit -- Increasing the Supply of Road Space -- Downs' Principle of 'Triple Convergence' -- Transport Demand Management -- Parking Policies -- TDM Programs -- Congestion Charges -- Congestion Charging and Equity -- The Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act 1991 -- Conclusions and Uncertainties -- 13 HOUSING -- The Complex of Housing -- Housing Market Theories -- Low-income Housing -- Public Housing and Urban Renewal -- Alternatives to Public Housing -- Housing Subsidies -- Affordable Housing and Growth Management -- Regional Housing Needs: The Case of Mount Laurel -- The New Jersey Fair Housing Act -- Housing Measures in Other States -- The Federal Fair Housing Act -- Inclusionary Zoning -- Conclusion -- 14 COMMUNITY AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT -- Changing Perspectives -- The War on Poverty -- The Model Cities Program -- The New Federalism -- Community Development Block Grants -- Carter's New Partnership -- National Agenda for the 1980s: Urban America -- The Reagan Years -- Economic Development Policies -- Enterprise Zones -- Community Development -- Support for Social Change -- PART VI: ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING -- 15 ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES -- Environmental Concerns -- Environmental Awareness -- The First Earth Day -- The Reagan Years -- The National Environmental Protection Act -- Environmental Control of Federal Programs -- Federal Organization for NEPA -- The Environmental Review Process -- Clean Air -- Technics and Politics -- Early Clean Air Policies -- Pollution and Economic Development -- The Structure of Clean Air Controls -- Acid Rain -- Ozone -- State Implementation Plans -- Areas of Severe Pollution -- Vehicle Emissions -- The 1990 Act and its Future -- Clean Water.

The Succession of Professional Approaches -- Federal Water Policy -- Water Quality Standards -- Municipal Treatment Plants -- Non-point Pollution -- Groundwater Pollution -- Safe Drinking Water -- The Limits of the Regulatory Approach -- Waste -- The Nature of Waste -- Hazardous Waste -- Love Canal -- Superfund Legislation -- Liability and Compensation -- Toxic Substances and Pesticides -- Nuclear Waste -- 16 THE LIMITS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY -- Introduction -- Technocratic Policy -- Values and Risks -- Perceptions of Risk -- Risk and Equity -- The Pollution Prevention Act 1990 -- Balancing Costs and Benefits -- Economic Analysis -- Economic Incentives in Environmental Regulation -- The Range of Economic Instruments -- Emissions Trading -- The Right to Know -- Public Participation -- The Progress of Environmental Policies -- CONCLUSION -- 17 CONCLUSION: SOME FINAL QUESTIONS -- Determining the Questions -- Property Rights-'Wise Use' -- Beyond Localism -- Local Acceptance of Unwanted Land Uses -- Unwanted Neighbors -- The Role for the States -- Public Participation and Public Confidence -- In Conclusion -- List of Main Cases -- References -- Index.