Contents -- Preface -- 1. What is Photonics? B. Culshaw -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Photons - Waves or Particles? -- 3. Manipulating Photons: Structures and Materials -- 4. Photonics and Materials -- 5. Some other Manifestations of Photonics -- 6. Some Final Observations -- References -- 2. Structural Health Monitoring in Buildings, Bridges and Civil Engineering A. Martone, M. Zarrelli, M. Giordano and J. M. López-Higuera -- 1. Challenges for Structural Health Monitoring -- 1.1. Implementation of SHM -- 2. Optical Sensor for Structural Health Monitoring -- 2.1. Strain Measurement using FBG Sensors -- 2.1.1. Temperature Compensation -- 2.1.2. Multiplexing and Networking of FBG Sensors -- 2.2. FBG-based Sensors -- 2.2.1. Accelerometers -- 2.2.2. Inclinometers -- 2.3. Distributed Strain Sensing -- 3. Applications of FBG in Structural Sensing -- 3.1. Civil Construction -- 3.2. Bridges -- 3.3. Geodynamic -- 4. OFS Market -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3. Remote Sensing Monitoring D. Riccio -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Global Monitoring for Environment and Security -- 2.1. Land -- 2.2. Water -- 2.3. Atmosphere -- 3. Space Segment -- 3.1. Synthetic Aperture Radars -- 3.2. Optical Sensors -- 3.2. Radiometers -- 3.3. Spectrometers -- 3.4. Altimeters -- 3.5. Scatterometers -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4. Photonic Technologies for the Safeguarding of Cultural Assets C. Cucci and V. Tornari -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Optical Sensors and Optical Fibers-based Devices for Applications in Museums -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Colorimetric Passive Sensors for Museum Environments -- 2.3. Optical Fibers-based Systems for the Safety and Control of Cultural Items -- 3. The Use of Laser Interferometry in the Direct Impact Assessment of Museum Objects in Transit -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.1.1. Impact in Structural Documentation Terms.

3.1.2. Laser-Coherent Interferometry in Structural Documentation -- 3.2. Impact Assessment Procedure -- 3.3. Interferometry Principle -- 3.4. Direct Impact Assessment in Brief -- 3.5. Characteristic Examples -- 3.5.1. Wooden Panel Paintings: Impact with Ageing -- 3.5.2. Model Canvas Paintings: Accidental Impact -- 3.5.3. Short-Term vs. Long-Term Impact -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 5. Raman Based Distributed Optical Fiber Temperature Sensors: Industrial Applications and Future Developments F. Di Pasquale, M. A. Soto and G. Bolognini -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Physical Mechanism and Theory -- 3. Industrial Applications -- 3.1. Fire Detection -- 3.2. Leakage Detection in Pipelines -- 4. Advanced Raman DTS Solutions: Raman DTS using Single-Mode Fibers and Advanced Coding Techniques -- 4.1. Optical Pulse Coding for RDTS Systems -- 4.2. Cyclic Pulse Coding for RDTS Systems over Single-Mode Fibers -- 4.3. Long-Range Coded RDTS with Meter Scale Spatial Resolution -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 6. Photonics for Detection of Chemicals, Drugs and Explosives A. Garibbo and A. Palucci -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Addressable Threats -- 2.1. Biological and Chemical Warfare Agents -- 2.2. Explosives -- 2.3. Drugs -- 3. Detection Types and Modes -- 3.1. Bulk Detection (type) -- 3.2. Trace Detection (type) -- 3.3. Point Detection (mode) -- 3.4. Stand-Off Detection (mode) -- 3.5. Distributed Detection (mode) -- 4. Chemistry and Physics of Sensing -- 4.1. Biological and Chemical Warfare Agents -- 4.2. Explosives -- 4.3. Drugs -- 5. Sniffing Techniques: Local and Stand-off -- 5.1. Laser PhotoAcoustic Spectroscopy -- 5.2. Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy -- 5.3. Laser Raman Spectroscopy -- 5.4. LIDAR/DIAL Technique -- 6. Research Trends -- 7. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References.

7. Resonant Hydrophones based on Coated Fiber Bragg Gratings for Underwater Monitoring G. Quero, A. Crescitelli, M. Consales, M. Pisco, A. Cutolo,V. Galdi, A. Cusano and A. Iadicicco -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Numerical Analysis -- 2.1. Problem Geometry and Methods -- 2.2. Resonant Behavior of the Coated Fiber Bragg Gratings: Harmonic and Modal Analysis -- 2.3. Effects of the Coating Properties on the Sensing Performance -- 2.4. Structural Damping and Directivity -- 3. Design and Fabrication of the Sensor -- 4. Experimental Results -- 4.1. Time Response -- 4.2. Frequency Domain Analysis -- 5. Conclusions -- References -- 8. Laser Remote Sensing for Environmental Applications A. Boselli, G. Pisani, N. Spinelli and X. Wang -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1 Elastic Scattering -- 1.2 Raman Scattering -- 1.3 Polarization -- 1.4 Differential Absorption -- 1.5 Doppler Effect -- 1.6 Fluorescence -- 1.7 Reflection or Diffuse Reflection -- 2. Atmospheric Aerosol, Volcanic Ash, Desert Dust -- 3. Clouds -- 4. DIAL LIDAR for Atmospheric Gas -- 5. Wind -- 6. Airborne Laser Bathymetry -- 7. Other Air/Space-Borne Applications -- 7.1. 3D mapping -- 7.2. Temperature Measurement -- 7.3. Forest Area Monitoring -- 7.4. Fluorescence LIDAR -- 7.5. Atmospheric Measurement -- 7.6. Volcanic Plume -- 7.7. LIDAR in Space -- References -- 9. Non Invasive Techniques for the Diagnosis of Aerospace Devices F. De Filippis, L. Savino, A. Cipullo and E. Marenna -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Test Device: Hypersonic Facilities -- 3. Experimental Diagnostic Techniques in Plasma Wind Tunnel -- 3.1. Optical Emission Spectroscopy -- 3.1.1. Experimental Setup -- 3.1.2. Elaboration Procedure -- 3.1.3. Experimental Results -- 3.2. Laser Induced Fluorescence -- 3.2.1. Basics of LIF Technique -- 3.2.2. Experiment and Preliminary Results -- 4. Conclusions -- References -- 10. Night Vision C. Corsi.

1. Historical Introduction -- 2. Night Vision Applications -- 3. History of Military Night Vision -- 3.1. Night Vision Technologies -- 3.1.1. Image Intensifiers -- 3.1.2. Active Infrared -- 3.1.3. Passive Infrared/Thermal Imaging -- 4. Blackbody Radiation, Atmospheric Transmission, Night Vision -- 4.1. Vision Systems: the IR Focal Plane Arrays (FPA) -- 5. Future Infrared Detectors -- 6. Future Infrared Detectors for Security -- 6.1. Surveillance and Detection and Warning -- 6.2. Smart Sensors for Collision Avoidance in the Fog -- 6.3. Toxic Gas Sensing -- 6.3.1. Toxic Gas Sensing based on NDIR Absorption Spectroscopy -- 6.3.2. Stand-Off Detection -- 7. Security Applications of THz Technology -- 8. Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 11. Quantum Cryptography: A Novel Approach to Communication Security A. Porzio -- 1. Introduction -- 2. A Bit of History -- 2.1. Public Key Cryptosystem -- 3. The Birth of QC -- 4. Single Photons Systems -- 5. Continuous Variable Quantum Cryptography -- 6. Conclusions -- References -- 12. Metamaterials and the Mathematical Science of Invisibility A. Diatta, S. Guenneau, A. Nicolet and F. Zolla -- 1. Introduction -- 2. General Aim of Cloaking -- 3. Formalism of Differential Forms -- 4. Cloaking with a Singular Transformation -- 4.1. Invisibility -- 4.2. Mirage Effect -- 5. Cloaking and Mirage Effect with a Non-Singular Transformation -- 5.1. Squaring the Circle -- 5.2. Optical Illusions with Squares -- 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 13. Led Illumination: Illuminotechnical, Optical, Metrologicaland Safety Issues F. Docchio, L. Fumagalli, G. Libretti and P. Tomassini -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Basic Radiometry and Photometry of LEDs -- 3. Illuminotechnics: Road Illumination Calculation -- 4. The Optics of LEDs: High Performance Aspherical Lenses forLED chips.

5. Metrology: Measurement Techniques and Instrumentation -- 6. Safety and Security Issues related to LED Technology -- 6. Towards a Dark Sky: LED Illumination against Light Pollution -- 7. Conclusions -- References -- 14. Fiber Optic Sensor Technology for Oil and Gas Applications M. Eriksrud and J. T. Kringlebotn -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Application Requirements -- 3. Fiber Optic Sensing Technology -- 3.1. Fiber Bragg Grating Sensing Technology -- 3.2. Raman Scattering Sensing Technology -- 3.3. Other Scattering Sensing Technologies -- 4. Field Experiences -- 4.1. Down hole Permanent Monitoring -- 4.2. Seabed Permanent Monitoring -- 5. Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 15. Photonic Sensors for Food Quality and Safety Assessment A. G. Mignani and R. Prugger -- 1. The Needs of the Food Industry -- 2. Working Principles of Photonic Sensors for Food Applications -- 3. Spectroscopy-based Sensors - Towards "Green Analytics" -- 3.1. Reflection/Absorption-based Sensors -- 3.2. Fluorescence-based Sensors -- 3.3. Raman-based Sensors -- 4. Colorimetric Spots for non-Destructive Testing of Packed Food -- 5. Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- 16. Optical Biosensing in Medical and Clinical Diagnostics F. Baldini, A. Giannetti, S. Tombelli and C. Trono -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Optical Intracellular Nanosensors -- 3. POCT devices -- 4. Optical Fiber Sensors in Gastroesophageal Apparatus -- 5. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 17. Photonics for Forensic Applications A. Tajani -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Detection of Biological Evidence -- 2.1. Biological Fluids and Latent Prints Analysis -- 2.2. The Forensic Luminol Test for Blood -- 3. Gunshot Residue Analysis -- 3.1. Gunshot Residue Formation -- 3.2. Gunshot Residue Analysis -- 4. 3D Reconstruction by Laser Scanner -- 4.1. Operating Procedures -- 5. Questioned Documents Examination.

Acknowledgments.