Cover -- Title Page -- Contents -- New Frontiers of Social Policy -- Foreword -- About the Editors -- About the Authors -- Acknowledgments -- Abbreviations -- PART 1 The Context -- CHAPTER 1 Asset-Based Social Policy and Public Action in a Polycentric World -- Introduction -- Why Assets and Livelihoods Matter to Social Policy -- Assets and Power Relations -- Asset-Based Social Policy -- Underlying Assumptions -- Global Commitments on Social Policy -- Challenges in Developing Country Contexts -- Inequality -- Informality -- Imbalance in Asset Building -- State Effectiveness8 -- Assets and Livelihoods in a Polycentric World -- Transnational Scope of Social Policy -- Multiple Spheres of Interest in Assets -- Who Actually Delivers Social Policy? -- Structure of the Book -- Migration as a Livelihood and Asset Accumulation Strategy -- Housing as an Asset in Informal Settlements -- Erosion of Livelihoods and Assets in Weak States -- Asset-Based Livelihoods Strategies and Economic Empowerment -- The Way Forward for Asset-Based Social Policy -- Asset Accession -- Asset Valorization -- Asset Transformation -- Notes -- References -- CHAPTER 2 Assets and Livelihoods: A Framework for Asset-Based Social Policy -- Introduction -- The Changing Objectives and Associated Strategies of Social Development Policy -- Priority Issues in the Evolution of Social Development and Social Policy in the South -- Social Policy, Assets, and Livelihoods -- The World Bank and Social Policy -- The Identification of Livelihoods as a Social Policy Concern -- Toward an Asset-Based Social Policy -- Sustainable Livelihoods and Asset-Building Frameworks7 -- Commonalities in Backgrounds: From Consumption Poverty to Vulnerability, Risks, and Assets8 -- Comparative Analysis of SL and AB Frameworks -- Sustainable livelihoods approach.13 -- AB frameworks.

Vulnerability, risks, and assets.24 -- Asset-based approaches -- Asset Building -- Alternative Bottom-Up Community Asset-Building Programs -- Emerging Agendas -- Asset-Based Social Policy -- Asset-Based Approaches and Asset Accumulation -- The Components of Asset-Based Social Policy -- Distinction between First- and Second-Generation Asset-Based Social Policy41 -- Concluding Comments -- Notes -- References -- PART 2 Migration as a Livelihood and Asset Accumulation Strategy -- CHAPTER 3 International Migration and Challenges for Social Policy: The Case of Ecuador -- Introduction -- International Migration from Ecuador -- Changing Migration Patterns -- "Irregular" Emigration -- Remittances -- Social Policy Dimensions: Livelihoods, Protection, and Assets -- Livelihoods Support -- Welfare and Social Protection -- Asset Building -- Institutional Mediation of Social Policies for Migration -- Government -- Civil Society -- The Private Sector -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- CHAPTER 4 Toward the Sustainable Return of West African Transnational Migrants: What Are the Options? -- Introduction -- Background -- Sources of Data -- Sustainability of Return -- Definitions -- Characteristics of Return Migrants -- Influence of Transnational Return -- Impact of Financial Capital Transfers -- Impact of Social Capital Transfers -- Impact of Human Capital Transfers -- Pro-poor Policy Alternatives -- Conclusion and Recommendations -- References -- CHAPTER 5 Public Policies to Support Migrant Workers in Pakistan and the Philippines -- Introduction -- Migration Scale and Trends -- Migration Management Models and Migration Channels -- Socioeconomic Characteristics of Migrants -- Migration Risk Management Policies -- Lowering Migration Cost -- Recruiting agents -- Transnational networks -- Irregular migration -- Enforcing Minimum Standards -- Social Security Coverage.

Legal Assistance and Welfare of Migrants -- Asset Development Policies for Migrants -- Remittances and Fund Flow Policies -- Policies for Productive Investments of Savings -- Transfer and Use of Human Assets -- Social Assets: Transnational Networks -- Model Human and Financial Asset-Building Initiative by Migrants -- Conclusion and Recommendations -- Notes -- References -- CHAPTER 6 Transnationalism, Social Reproduction, and Social Policy: International Migration of Care Workers -- Introduction -- Methodological Transnationalism and Social Policy -- Care Labor, Social Reproduction, and Commodity Production -- Global Reproductive Labor Markets, and Asset Accumulation -- The Governance of International Nurse Migration -- Government Policy and Agreements -- Recruitment Agencies -- Human Resource Management and Labor Organization -- Policy Approaches to the Management of Nursing Labor -- Conclusions -- References -- PART 3 Housing as an Asset in Informal Settlements -- CHAPTER 7 Building Homes: The Role of Federations of the Urban Poor -- Introduction -- Asset Accumulation and Housing Policy in Low- and Middle-Income Nations -- The Urban Poor Federations: Some Common Themes -- Origin and Scope -- The Strategies of Federations for Building Assets -- Pilot projects and precedents -- Surveys -- Community exchanges -- Land readjustment -- Vacant land surveys -- Keeping down costs -- Selected Histories -- Achievements and Constraints -- Notable Successes -- Challenges and Limitations -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- Notes -- References -- CHAPTER 8 Upgrading Thailand's Urban Settlements: A Community-Driven Process of Social Development -- Introduction -- Community Upgrading in Thailand -- From UCDO to CODI -- New Government Programs for Secure Housing -- The Baan Mankong Program -- Methodology -- How Baan Mankong Differs from Conventional Upgrading.

Learning from the Pilot Projects -- Charoenchai Nimitmai -- Bon Kai -- Klong Toey Block 7-12 -- Ramkhamhaeng -- Klong Lumnoon -- Boon Kook -- Supporting Decentralized Action within Cities -- Common Techniques to Scale Up the Baan Mankong Upgrading Process -- Uttaradit -- Bangkok -- Ayutthaya -- Achievements to Date -- What Has Been Learned? -- How the Program Changes the Quality of People's Assets -- Notes -- References -- PART 4 The Erosion of Livelihoods and Assets in Weak States -- CHAPTER 9 Bitter Harvest: The Social Costs of State Failure in Rural Kenya -- Introduction -- Factors Eroding Rural Assets and Livelihoods -- Institutional Degradation and Collapse -- Access to Land -- Livelihood Shifts and Gender Relations -- Gender Violence -- Intergenerational Conflict -- Crime, Violence, and Insecurity in Rural Areas -- Substance Abuse and Psychological Anomie -- Alcohol abuse -- Depression -- Suicide -- Conclusions -- Notes -- References -- CHAPTER 10 Youth Gangs as Ontological Assets -- Introduction -- Youth Gangs as "Perverse Livelihoods"? -- Assets, Livelihoods, and Social Protection in "Fragile" States -- The Barrio Luis Fanor Hernández Gang in 1996-97 -- The Barrio Luis Fanor Hernández Gang in 2002-03 -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- PART 5 Asset-Based Livelihoods Strategies and Economic Empowerment -- CHAPTER 11 Forest Rights and Asset-Based Livelihoods: Catalyzing Rural Economies and Forest Conservation through Policy Reform and Collective Action -- Introduction -- Transitions in the Global Forest Sector -- What Has Changed? -- Large-scale Industry -- Small-Scale Industry -- Nonwood Forest Products -- Policies and Regulations -- Changes in Global Forest Tenure -- Changes in the Patterns of Conservation -- Communities and Markets -- Opportunities for Low-income Producers -- Barriers to Market Access and Participation.

Role of Community Associations and Networks in Promoting Reforms -- Making Markets Work for Communities -- Community Ownership of Environmental Regulatory Processes -- Creating Enabling Conditions for Community Enterprises -- Conclusions and Recommendations -- Notes -- References -- CHAPTER 12 Microenterprise and Sustainable Livelihoods -- Introduction -- Microfinance and Microentrepreneurs -- The Conceptual Framework -- The Social Capital Argument -- The Capability Approach -- Identities and Microenterprise Development -- Basic Patterns of Social Capital and Microentrepreneurial Performance -- Broader Implications -- Community and Conformity -- Single women -- Women with young children -- External connections -- Policy Recommendations -- Notes -- References -- CHAPTER 13 Beyond Sectoral Traps: Creating Wealth for the Poor -- Introduction -- Sectoral Traps -- Conceptual Framework -- Poor People's Agency -- The Opportunity Structure -- Four Large-Scale Programs -- Andhra Pradesh Self-Help Groups -- Self-Employed Women's Association (SEWA): A Union of Poor Women Workers -- AMUL: The Cooperative Dairy Development Program -- International Trade Centre (ITC) e-choupals -- Key Lessons -- Focus on the Interconnectedness of Assets -- Invest in Collective Agency for Socially Marginalized Groups -- Link Changes in Economic Opportunity Structure to Poor People's Livelihoods -- Aggregate Demand and Manage Demand Responsiveness -- Aggregating demand -- Managing demand responsiveness -- Leverage Collective Agency into Economic Power through Business Orientation -- Translate Agency and Organization into Political Clout -- Conclusion -- Notes -- References -- Index -- Back Cover.