Open Systems and Standards for Software Product Development -- Contents -- Preface xv -- Acknowledgments xvii -- 1 Introduction 1 -- 1.1 Promise of Open Systems 1 -- 1.2 Challenges of Open Systems 3 -- 1.3 Who Should Read This Book 4 -- 1.4 How to Get the Most out of This Book 5 -- 1.5 Organization of This Book 6 -- References 6 -- 2 Foundational Concepts 9 -- 2.1 What Is an Open System? Key Concepts and Terminology 9 -- 2.2 Process of Defining Standards 17 -- 2.2.1 Formal Standards Bodies Standards Process 18 -- 2.2.2 Vendor Consortia Standards Definition Process 19 -- 2.3 Example Standard Specification 19 -- 2.4 Standards-Based COTS Products 21 -- 2.5 Degrees of Openness 21 -- 2.6 Open Source Versus Open System 21 -- 2.7 Why Standards Are Important for Software Development 22 -- References 23 -- 3 Application Standards 25 -- 3.1 E-Business (Electronic-Business) 25 -- 3.1.1 Business Process Execution Language for Web Services 26 -- 3.1.2 Business Process Modeling, Notation, and Language 27 -- 3.1.3 Electronic Business Using eXtensible Markup Language 29 -- 3.1.4 RosettaNet 30 -- 3.1.5 XML Process Definition Language 32 -- 3.1.6 Web Services Choreography Interface 33 -- 3.2 Ontologies 33 -- References 34 -- 4 Communications Standards 37 -- 4.1 Asynchronous Transfer Mode 39 -- 4.2 Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) 42 -- 4.3 Fiber Distributed Data Interface 45 -- 4.4 Frame Relay 48 -- 4.5 Internet 49 -- 4.6 Integrated Services Digital Network 55 -- 4.7 Multiprotocol Label Switching 56 -- 4.8 Open Systems Interconnection 57 -- 4.9 Synchronous Optical Network/Synchronous Digital Hierarchy 59 -- 4.10 Voice over IP (H.323) 60 -- 4.11 Wireless 63 -- 4.11.1 Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15) 63 -- 4.11.2 Code Division Multiple Access (IS-95) 64 -- 4.11.3 Global Systems for Mobile Communications 65 -- 4.11.4 Universal Mobile Telecommunications System 67.

4.11.5 Wireless Application Protocol 68 -- 4.11.6 Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) 68 -- 4.11.7 WiMax (IEEE 802.16) 69 -- References 70 -- 5 Data Interchange Standards 73 -- 5.1 Computer Graphics Metafile 73 -- 5.2 Graphics Interchange Format 74 -- 5.3 Joint Photographic Experts Group File Interchange Format 75 -- 5.4 Musical Instrument Digital Interface 76 -- 5.5 Motion Picture Experts Group Layer 3 77 -- 5.6 Motion Pictures Experts Group 78 -- 5.7 OpenGIS Specifications 79 -- 5.8 Portable Document Format 80 -- 5.9 Portable Network Graphics 81 -- 5.10 Rich Text Format 81 -- 5.11 Standard Generalized Markup Language 82 -- 5.12 Tag(ged) Image File Format 83 -- References 83 -- 6 Data Management Standards 85 -- 6.1 Database Query Languages 85 -- 6.1.1 Java Database Connectivity 85 -- 6.1.2 Java Data Objects 86 -- 6.1.3 Object Data Management Group Specification 87 -- 6.1.4 Standard Query Language 87 -- 6.2 File Systems for Networks 89 -- 6.2.1 Common Internet File System 90 -- 6.2.2 Direct Access File System 91 -- 6.2.3 Network File System 92 -- 6.3 Metadata and Data Models 92 -- 6.3.1 Common Information Model 93 -- 6.3.2 Common Warehouse Metamodel 94 -- 6.3.3 Open Information Model 95 -- 6.4 Information Management 95 -- 6.4.1 Desktop Management Interface 95 -- 6.5 Storage Areas and Connectivity 96 -- 6.5.1 Fiber Channel over IP 97 -- 6.5.2 Internet Fiber Channel Protocol 98 -- 6.5.3 Internet Small Computer System Interface 98 -- 6.5.4 Storage Management Initiative Specification 99 -- References 100 -- 7 Distributed Computing Standards 103 -- 7.1 Active-X/COM/DCOM 103 -- 7.2 CORBA 105 -- 7.3 Distributed Computing Environment 108 -- 7.4 Enterprise Javabeans 109 -- 7.5 Java 2 Platform Specifications (J2EE, J2SE, and J2ME) 110 -- 7.6 Open Grid Services Architecture 113 -- References 115 -- 8 Graphics Standards 117.

8.1 Graphical Kernel System 118 -- 8.2 Open Graphics Language 119 -- 8.3 Programmer's Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System 120 -- 8.4 Scalable Vector Graphics 121 -- 8.5 Virtual Reality Modeling Language 122 -- 8.6 X3D 123 -- References 123 -- 9 Operating System Standards 125 -- 9.1 Linux Standard Base 125 -- 9.2 Portable Operating System Interface 126 -- 9.3 Single UNIX Specification 129 -- References 129 -- 10 Security Standards 131 -- 10.1 Strategies for Securing Systems 131 -- 10.1.1 National Security Monitoring 132 -- 10.1.2 Security Threats 133 -- 10.1.3 Access Controls 137 -- 10.1.4 Identification and Authentication 139 -- 10.1.5 Perimeter and Interface Controls 140 -- 10.1.6 Security Policies 143 -- 10.2 Authentication and Identity Management Standards 144 -- 10.2.1 Kerberos 145 -- 10.2.2 Liberty Version 1.0 Specifications 145 -- 10.2.3 Security Assertion Markup Language 146 -- 10.3 Digital Certificate Standards 147 -- 10.3.1 Public-Key Infrastructure X.509 147 -- 10.3.2 X.509 148 -- 10.4 Digital Signature Standards 149 -- 10.4.1 Digital Signature Standard/Federal Information Processing 10.4.1 Standard 186-2 149 -- 10.4.2 Rivest-Shamir-Adelman 150 -- 10.5 Encryption Standards 151 -- 10.5.1 Advanced Encryption Standard/FIPS 197 152 -- 10.5.2 Escrowed Encryption Standard/FIPS 185 153 -- 10.5.3 Secure Socket Layer 153 -- 10.5.4 Transport Layer Security 154 -- 10.5.5 Wireless Transport Layer Security 154 -- References 155 -- 11 Software Engineering Standards 157 -- 11.1 Architecture Frameworks 157 -- 11.1.1 C4ISR Architecture Framework 157 -- 11.1.2 DoD Architecture Framework 159 -- 11.1.3 Federal Enterprise Architecture 160 -- 11.1.4 Object Management Architecture 162 -- 11.1.5 The Open Group Architecture Framework 163 -- 11.2 Programming Languages 164 -- 11.2.1 Ada 165 -- 11.2.2 C 167 -- 11.2.3 C++ 168.

11.2.4 Common Business Oriented Language 169 -- 11.2.5 ECMAScript 170 -- 11.2.6 Formula Translation 171 -- 11.2.7 Java 172 -- 11.2.8 Real-Time Specification for Java 174 -- 11.3 Software Engineering Tools 174 -- 11.3.1 ECMA Framework for Software Engineering Environments 175 -- 11.3.2 Model Driven Architecture 175 -- 11.3.3 Portable Common Tool Environment 177 -- 11.3.4 Unified Modeling Language 178 -- 11.4 Software Engineering Models 179 -- 11.4.1 Capability Maturity Model for Software 179 -- 11.4.2 Capability Maturity Model-Integrated for Systems 11.4.2 Engineering/ Software Engineering 180 -- 11.4.3 ISO 9000 182 -- References 183 -- 12 System Management Standards 185 -- 12.1.1 Directory Enabled Networks 185 -- 12.1.2 Directory Services Markup Language 187 -- 12.1.3 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol 187 -- 12.1.4 X.500 Directory Services 189 -- 12.2 System Management Data and Capabilities 192 -- 12.2.1 Common Information Model 192 -- 12.2.2 Desktop Management Interface 193 -- 12.2.3 System Management BIOS 193 -- 12.2.4 Web-Based Enterprise Management 194 -- References 195 -- 13 User Interface Standards 197 -- 13.1 Motif 197 -- 13.2 Open Motif 198 -- 13.3 X Window System 198 -- References 199 -- 14 World Wide Web Standards 201 -- 14.1 Web Markup Languages 201 -- 14.1.1 Directory Services Markup Language 203 -- 14.1.2 HyperText Markup Language 204 -- 14.1.3 Extensible HyperText Markup Language 205 -- 14.1.4 eXtensible Markup Language 207 -- 14.1.5 Wireless Markup Language Specification 208 -- 14.2 Web Protocols 209 -- 14.2.1 HyperText Transfer Protocol 209 -- 14.2.2 Simple Object Access Protocol 210 -- 14.2.3 Wireless Application Protocol 211 -- 14.3 Web Services 211 -- 14.3.1 Semantic Web 214 -- 14.3.2 Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration 215 -- 14.3.3 Web Services Description Language 216.

14.3.4 Web Services Choreography Description Language 217 -- 14.3.5 Security Assertion Markup Language 218 -- 14.3.6 XML Key Management Specification 219 -- 14.4 Other Web Developments 219 -- 14.4.1 Virtual Reality Modeling Language 220 -- 14.4.2 Web-Based Enterprise Management 220 -- 14.4.3 Web-Based Distributed Authoring and Versioning 220 -- 14.4.4 X3D 221 -- References 221 -- 15 Open Standards Organizations and Vendor Consortia 223 -- 15.1 Formal Standards Bodies 223 -- 15.1.1 American National Standards Institute 223 -- 15.1.2 International Electrotechnical Commission 224 -- 15.1.3 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 225 -- 15.1.4 International Committee for Information Technology 15.1.4 v Standards 226 -- 15.1.5 International Organization for Standardization 227 -- 15.1.6 International Telecommunication Union 228 -- 15.1.7 Internet Engineering Task Force 229 -- 15.1.8 National Institute of Standards and Technology 230 -- 15.2 Vendor Organizations and Consortia 231 -- 15.2.1 Asynchronous Transfer Mode Forum 231 -- 15.2.2 Business Process Management Initiative 232 -- 15.2.3 Distributed Management Task Force, Inc. 232 -- 15.2.4 Ecma International 233 -- 15.2.5 European Telecommunications Standards Institute 234 -- 15.2.6 Free Standards Group 234 -- 15.2.7 Global Grid Forum 235 -- 15.2.8 J Consortium (RT Java) 236 -- 15.2.9 Java Community Process 237 -- 15.2.10 Liberty Alliance Project 237 -- 15.2.11 Meta Data Coalition 238 -- 15.2.12 Object Data Management Group 238 -- 15.2.13 Object Management Group 239 -- 15.2.14 Open Geographic Information System Consortium 240 -- 15.2.15 Open Mobile Alliance 240 -- 15.2.16 Organization for the Advancement of Structured 241 -- 15.2.17 RosettaNet 242 -- 15.2.18 Storage Networking Industry Association 243 -- 15.2.19 The Open Group 244.

15.2.20 Telecommunications Industry Association TIA 245.