Front Cover -- Physics in Biology and Medicine -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Abbreviations -- Chapter 1. Static Forces -- 1.1 Equilibrium and Stability -- 1.2 Equilibrium Considerations for the Human Body -- 1.3 Stability of the Human Body under the Action of an External Force -- 1.4 Skeletal Muscles -- 1.5 Levers -- 1.6 The Elbow -- 1.7 The Hip -- 1.8 The Back -- 1.9 Standing Tip-Toe on One Foot -- 1.10 Dynamic Aspects of Posture -- Exercises -- Chapter 2. Friction -- 2.1 Standing at an Incline -- 2.2 Friction at the Hip Joint -- 2.3 Spine Fin of a Catfish -- Exercises -- Chapter 3. Translational Motion -- 3.1 Vertical Jump -- 3.2 Effect of Gravity on the Vertical Jump -- 3.3 Running High Jump -- 3.4 Range of a Projectile -- 3.5 Standing Broad Jump -- 3.6 Running Broad Jump (Long Jump) -- 3.7 Motion through Air -- 3.8 Energy Consumed in Physical Activity -- Exercises -- Chapter 4. Angular Motion -- 4.1 Forces on a Curved Path -- 4.2 A Runner on a Curved Track -- 4.3 Pendulum -- 4.4 Walking -- 4.5 Physical Pendulum -- 4.6 Speed of Walking and Running -- 4.7 Energy Expended in Running -- 4.8 Alternate Perspectives on Walking and Running -- 4.9 Carrying Loads -- Exercises -- Chapter 5. Elasticity and Strength of Materials -- 5.1 Longitudinal Stretch and Compression -- 5.2 A Spring -- 5.3 Bone Fracture: Energy Considerations -- 5.4 Impulsive Forces -- 5.5 Fracture Due to a Fall: Impulsive Force Considerations -- 5.6 Airbags: Inflating Collision Protection Devices -- 5.7 Whiplash Injury -- 5.8 Falling from Great Height -- 5.9 Osteoarthritis and Exercise -- Exercises -- Chapter 6. Insect Flight -- 6.1 Hovering Flight -- 6.2 Insect Wing Muscles -- 6.3 Power Required for Hovering -- 6.4 Kinetic Energy of Wings in Flight -- 6.5 Elasticity of Wings -- Exercises -- Chapter 7. Fluids -- 7.1 Force and Pressure in a Fluid.

7.2 Pascal's Principle -- 7.3 Hydrostatic Skeleton -- 7.4 Archimedes' Principle -- 7.5 Power Required to Remain Afloat -- 7.6 Buoyancy of Fish -- 7.7 Surface Tension -- 7.8 Soil Water -- 7.9 Insect Locomotion on Water -- 7.10 Contraction of Muscles -- 7.11 Surfactants -- Exercises -- Chapter 8. The Motion of Fluids -- 8.1 Bernoulli's Equation -- 8.2 Viscosity and Poiseuille's Law -- 8.3 Turbulent Flow -- 8.4 Circulation of the Blood -- 8.5 Blood Pressure -- 8.6 Control of Blood Flow -- 8.7 Energetics of Blood Flow -- 8.8 Turbulence in the Blood -- 8.9 Arteriosclerosis and Blood Flow -- 8.10 Power Produced by the Heart -- 8.11 Measurement of Blood Pressure -- Exercises -- Chapter 9. Heat and Kinetic Theory -- 9.1 Heat and Hotness -- 9.2 Kinetic Theory of Matter -- 9.3 Definitions -- 9.4 Transfer of Heat -- 9.5 Transport of Molecules by Diffusion -- 9.6 Diffusion through Membranes -- 9.7 The Respiratory System -- 9.8 Surfactants and Breathing -- 9.9 Diffusion and Contact Lenses -- Exercises -- Chapter 10. Thermodynamics -- 10.1 First Law of Thermodynamics -- 10.2 Second Law of Thermodynamics -- 10.3 Difference between Heat and Other Forms of Energy -- 10.4 Thermodynamics of Living Systems -- 10.5 Information and the Second Law -- Exercises -- Chapter 11. Heat and Life -- 11.1 Energy Requirements of People -- 11.2 Energy from Food -- 11.3 Regulation of Body Temperature -- 11.4 Control of Skin Temperature -- 11.5 Convection -- 11.6 Radiation -- 11.7 Radiative Heating by the Sun -- 11.8 Evaporation -- 11.9 Resistance to Cold -- 11.10 Heat and Soil -- Exercises -- Chapter 12. Waves and Sound -- 12.1 Properties of Sound -- 12.2 Some Properties of Waves -- 12.3 Hearing and the Ear -- 12.4 Bats and Echoes -- 12.5 Sounds Produced by Animals -- 12.6 Acoustic Traps -- 12.7 Clinical Uses of Sound -- 12.8 Ultrasonic Waves -- Exercises -- Chapter 13. Electricity.

13.1 The Nervous System -- 13.2 Electricity in Plants -- 13.3 Electricity in the Bone -- 13.4 Electric Fish -- Exercises -- Chapter 14. Electrical Technology -- 14.1 Electrical Technology in Biological Research -- 14.2 Diagnostic Equipment -- 14.3 Physiological Effects of Electricity -- 14.4 Control Systems -- 14.5 Feedback -- 14.6 Sensory Aids -- Exercises -- Chapter 15. Optics -- 15.1 Vision -- 15.2 Nature of Light -- 15.3 Structure of the Eye -- 15.4 Accommodation -- 15.5 Eye and the Camera -- 15.6 Lens System of the Eye -- 15.7 Reduced Eye -- 15.8 Retina -- 15.9 Resolving Power of the Eye -- 15.10 Threshold of Vision -- 15.11 Vision and the Nervous System -- 15.12 Defects in Vision -- 15.13 Lens for Myopia -- 15.14 Lens for Presbyopia and Hyperopia -- 15.15 Extension of Vision -- Exercises -- Chapter 16. Atomic Physics -- 16.1 The Atom -- 16.2 Spectroscopy -- 16.3 Quantum Mechanics -- 16.4 Electron Microscope -- 16.5 X-rays -- 16.6 X-ray Computerized Tomography -- 16.7 Lasers -- Exercises -- Chapter 17. Nuclear Physics -- 17.1 The Nucleus -- 17.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- 17.3 Radiation Therapy -- 17.4 Food Preservation by Radiation -- 17.5 Isotopic Tracers -- 17.6 Laws of Physics and Life -- Exercises -- Appendix A. Basic Concepts in Mechanics -- A.1 Speed and Velocity -- A.2 Acceleration -- A.3 Force -- A.4 Pressure -- A.5 Mass -- A.6 Weight -- A.7 Linear Momentum -- A.8 Newton's Laws of Motion -- A.9 Conservation of Linear Momentum -- A.10 Radian -- A.11 Angular Velocity -- A.12 Angular Acceleration -- A.13 Relations between Angular and Linear Motion -- A.14 Equations for Angular Momentum -- A.15 Centripetal Acceleration -- A.16 Moment of Inertia -- A.17 Torque -- A.18 Newton's Laws of Angular Motion -- A.19 Angular Momentum -- A.20 Addition of Forces and Torques -- A.21 Static Equilibrium -- A.22 Work -- A.23 Energy.

A.24 Forms of Energy -- A.25 Power -- A.26 Units and Conversions -- Appendix B. Review of Electricity -- B.1 Electric Charge -- B.2 Electric Field -- B.3 Potential Difference or Voltage -- B.4 Electric Current -- B.5 Electric Circuits -- B.6 Voltage and Current Sources -- B.7 Electricity and Magnetism -- Appendix C. Review of Optics -- C.1 Geometric Optics -- C.2 Converging Lenses -- C.3 Images of Extended Objects -- C.4 Diverging Lenses -- C.5 Lens Immersed in a Material Medium -- Bibliography -- Answers to Numerical Exercises -- Index.