Cover -- Preface -- Contents -- Unit-I -- A. Environment -- 1.1 Definition -- 1.2 Ecology -- 1.2.1 Biomes -- 1.3 Scope -- 1.4 Importance of Environment -- 1.5 Need for Public Awareness -- 1.6 Ecosystems -- 1.7 Sustainable Ecosystem -- 1.8 Human Activities and Environment -- B. Human Activities and Their Impact on Environment -- 1.9 Agriculture -- 1.10 Industry -- 1.11 Transport -- 1.12 Mining -- 1.13 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) -- 1.14 Sustainable Development -- Questions -- Unit-II -- A-Natural Resources -- 2.1 Forest Resources -- 2.1.1 Forest Conservation -- 2.1.2 Wood - A Major Renewable Resource -- 2.1.3 Biodiversity -- 2.2 Water Resources and Water Uses -- 2.3 Water-Borne Diseases -- 2.4 Mineral Resources -- 2.5 Natural/Biogeochemical Cycles -- 2.5.1 The Hydrological Cycle -- 2.5.2 Nitrogen Cycle -- 2.5.3 Carbon Cycle -- 2.5.4 Phosphate Cycle -- 2.5.5 Sulphur Cycle -- B-Energy -- 2.6 Conventional energy Resources -- 2.6.1 Coal -- 2.6.2 Thermal Power -- 2.6.3 Methanol, CH3OH -- 2.6.4 Petroleum or Mineral Oil -- 2.6.5 Hydroelectricity -- 2.6.6 Nuclear Power -- 2.6.7 Wood -- 2.6.8 Natural Gas -- 2.7 Non-Conventional Energy Resources -- 2.7.1 Solar Energy -- 2.7.2 Biogas -- 2.7.3 Wind Energy -- 2.7.4 Ocean and Tidal Energy -- 2.7.5 Geothermal Energy -- 2.7.6 Energy Plantation -- 2.7.7 Hydrogen Fuel -- 2.7.8 Gasohol -- Questions -- Unit-III -- A. Environmental Pollution -- 3.1 Water Pollution -- 3.1.1 Water Pollutants -- 3.1.2 Groundwater Pollution/Arsenic Contamination -- 3.1.3 Case Study of Ganga Pollution -- 3.2 Waste Water Treatment -- 3.2.1 Domestic Waste Water Treatment -- 3.2.2 Drinking Water Supply -- 3.3 Land Pollution -- 3.4 Noise Pollution -- 3.4.1 Sound and Human Acoustics -- 3.4.2 Noise Measurement Units -- 3.4.3 L10 (18 Hours) Index -- 3.4.4 Effective Perceived Noise Level (L epn) -- 3.4.5 Noise Classification.

3.4.6 Noise Pollution Hazards -- 3.4.7 Permissible Noise Levels -- 3.4.8 Control of Noise Pollution -- 3.4.9 Solid Waste Disposal -- 3.4.10 Detoxification of Toxic Wastes -- 3.4.11 Land and Ocean Disposal -- 3.4.12 Non-hazardous Waste Management -- 3.5 Pollution and Public Health Issues -- 3.5.1 Hazardous Products -- 3.5.2 Occupational Hazards -- 3.5.3 Deadly Dust -- 3.5.4 Silicosis -- 3.5.5 Asbestosis -- 3.5.6 Byssinosis -- 3.5.7 Pneumoconiosis -- 3.5.8 Child Labourers -- 3.6 Air Pollution -- 3.6.1 Primary Pollutants -- 3.6.2 Carbon Monoxide, CO -- 3.6.3 Sinks -- 3.6.4 Control of CO Pollution -- 3.6.5 Nitrogen Oxides, NOx -- 3.6.6 Hydrocarbons and Photochemical Smog -- 3.6.7 Sulphur Dioxide, SO2 -- 3.6.8 Control of SOx Pollution -- 3.6.9 Acid Rain -- 3.6.10 Control of Acid Rain -- 3.6.11 Particulate Matter -- 3.7 Ozone Hole -- 3.8 Animal Husbandry -- B. Current Environmental Issues -- 3.9 Population and Environment -- 3.9.1 Distribution -- 3.9.2 Population Density -- 3.9.3 Age Structure -- 3.9.4 Doubling Time -- 3.9.5 Fertility Rate -- 3.9.6 Infant Mortality/Life Expectancy -- 3.9.7 Carrying Capacity -- 3.9.8 Population Stabilisation/Sustainable Development (Indian Context) -- 3.9.9 Kerala Model -- 3.9.10 Women an Environment -- 3.9.11 Woman Power -- 3.9.12 Human Development -- 3.10 Greenhouse Effect (Global Warming) -- 3.10.1 Other Greenhouse Gases -- Unit-IV -- Environmental Policies-Protection, Laws -- 4.1 Environmental Instruments and Institutions -- 4.1.1 Environmental Policies -- 4.2 Forests -- 4.2.1 Biosphere Reserves -- 4.2.2 Flora and Wildlife -- 4.3 Environmental Laws/Acts -- 4.3.1 Forests -- 4.3.2 Wildlife -- 4.3.3 Water -- 4.3.4 Air -- 4.3.5 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) -- 4.4 Environmental Movements -- 4.4.1 Chipko Movement -- 4.4.2 Silent Valley Movement -- 4.4.3 Narmada Dam -- 4.5 Environmental Ethics and Awareness.

4.5.1 Environmental Awareness -- 4.5.2 Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) -- Questions -- Feedback Exercise (Objective Test) -- Sample Question Papers -- Appendices -- References -- Glossary.